A suitable current collector is a critical criterion for attaining high areal capacity in lithium batteries (LIBs). Here, we discover that the transition metal foam-type current collectors and their corresponding active materials upon a simple oxidation process, enable us to design a strategy for controlling the thickness of active materials toward achieving high areal capacity LIBs. Taking nickel foam (NiF) as a case study, we demonstrated that by calcining it in the air at different temperatures of 500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃, and 800 ℃, the electrodes exhibit distinct physical properties such as the thickness of active material layers, mechanical strength, and electrochemical properties including the rate capabilities, pseudocapacitive contribution, and lithium-ion diffusion. Ultimately, the optimized anode calcined at 700 °C (700-NiO@NiF) maintains a high reversible areal capacity of 7.6 mAh cm@0.4 mA cm, and 2.0 mAh cm after 200 cycles@3.0 mA cm, We further verify that both cobalt foam and copper foam exhibited similar features like that of NiF by tuning their annealing temperatures, creating more opportunities for maximizing the areal capacity of LIBs.

中文翻译：

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金属层的锂离子存储化学对金属氧化物的影响


合适的集流体是获得锂电池（LIB）高面积容量的关键标准。在这里，我们发现过渡金属泡沫型集流体及其相应的活性材料通过简单的氧化过程，使我们能够设计一种控制活性材料厚度的策略，以实现高面积容量的锂离子电池。以泡沫镍（NiF）为例，我们证明通过在500℃、600℃、700℃和800℃不同温度下在空气中煅烧，电极表现出不同的物理性能，例如活性材料的厚度层数、机械强度和电化学性能，包括倍率能力、赝电容贡献和锂离子扩散。最终，在700°C下煅烧的优化阳极（700-NiO@NiF）在200次循环后保持了7.6 mAh cm@0.4mAcm的高可逆面积容量和2.0 mAh cm@3.0mAcm，我们进一步验证了两种钴通过调整退火温度，泡沫和泡沫铜表现出与 NiF 相似的特性，为最大化 LIB 的面积容量创造了更多机会。