The impact of climate change on water availability and quality has affected agricultural irrigation. The use of treated wastewater can alleviate water in agriculture. Nevertheless, it is imperative to ensure proper treatment of wastewater before reuse, in compliance with current regulations of this practice. In decentralized agricultural scenarios, the lack of adequate treatment facilities poses a challenge in providing treated wastewater for irrigation. Hence, there is a critical need to develop and implement innovative, feasible, and sustainable treatment solutions to secure the use of this alternative water source. This study proposes the integration of intensive treatment solutions and natural treatment systems, specifically, the combination of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), constructed wetlands (CWs), and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. For this purpose, a novel demo-scale plant was designed, constructed and implemented to test wastewater treatment and evaluate the capability of the proposed system to provide an effluent with a quality in compliance with the current European wastewater reuse regulatory framework. In addition, carbon-sequestration and energy analyses were conducted to assess the sustainability of the proposed treatment approach. This research confirmed that UASB rector can be employed for biogas production (2.5 L h) and energy recovery from organic matter degradation, but its effluent requires further treatment steps to be reused in agricultural irrigation. The AnMBR effluent complied with class A standards for , boasting a concentration of 0 CFU 100 mL, and nearly negligible TSS levels. However, further reduction of BOD (35 mg L) is required to reach water quality class A. CWs efficiently produced effluent with BOD below 10 mg L and TSS close to 0 mg L, making it suitable for water reuse and meeting class A standards. Furthermore, CWs demonstrated significantly higher energy efficiency compared to intensive treatment systems. Nonetheless, the inclusion of a UV disinfection unit after CWs was required to attain water class B standards.

中文翻译：

---

示范规模的上流式厌氧污泥床反应器与混合人工湿地相结合，在分散的场景中实现节能、碳高效的农业废水再利用


气候变化对水资源供应和质量的影响也影响了农业灌溉。使用经过处理的废水可以减少农业用水。然而，必须确保废水在再利用之前得到适当的处理，符合现行的做法规定。在分散的农业情景中，缺乏足够的处理设施对提供经过处理的废水用于灌溉造成了挑战。因此，迫切需要开发和实施创新、可行和可持续的处理解决方案，以确保这种替代水源的使用。本研究提出了强化处理解决方案和自然处理系统的整合，具体来说，就是将上流式厌氧污泥床反应器（UASB）、厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）、人工湿地（CW）和紫外线（UV）消毒相结合。为此，设计、建造和实施了一个新颖的示范规模工厂，以测试废水处理并评估拟议系统提供符合当前欧洲废水再利用监管框架质量的废水的能力。此外，还进行了碳封存和能源分析，以评估拟议处理方法的可持续性。这项研究证实，UASB 反应器可用于沼气生产（2.5 L h）和从有机物降解中回收能量，但其废水需要进一步处理步骤才能在农业灌溉中重复使用。 AnMBR 出水符合 A 级标准，浓度为 0 CFU 100 mL，TSS 水平几乎可以忽略不计。然而，需要进一步降低 BOD（35 mg L）才能达到 A 类水质。 污水处理厂高效生产出水，BOD 低于 10 mg/L，TSS 接近 0 mg/L，适合中水回用并达到 A 级标准。此外，与强化处理系统相比，CW 的能源效率显着提高。尽管如此，为了达到 B 级水标准，仍需要在污水处理厂后安装紫外线消毒装置。