The burgeoning field of anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) presents a promising avenue to circumvent the reliance on scarce and costly Pt-based catalysts, offering a zero-carbon emission alternative. Despite the success of numerous noble metal-free cathodic oxygen reduction reaction catalysts in AEMFCs, the sluggish kinetics of the anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media, necessitating a high Pt amount, poses a substantial impediment to AEMFC development. This review delves into the intricate landscape of the alkaline HOR, commencing with exploration of prevailing theories grounded in diverse activity descriptors, such as the hydrogen binding energy theory and bifunctional theory. The elucidation of sluggish kinetics and reaction mechanisms in alkaline electrolytes serves as the foundation for the analysis of noble and non-noble metal catalysts, encompassing considerations of morphology, composition, local structure, heterostructure, spillover effects, single atomic catalysts, and oxyphilic site engineering. Emphasis is placed on addressing pivotal but often overlooked challenges, including long-term stability, antioxidation ability, and CO tolerance of HOR catalysts. This review underscores the significance of theoretical investigations and in situ characterization technologies. Subsequently, recent strides in AEMFCs, leveraging various electrocatalysts for enhanced activity and durability, are meticulously summarized. The narrative concludes by spotlighting persisting controversies surrounding alkaline HOR mechanisms, along with an exposition of challenges and prospective research directions vital for the eventual commercialization of AEMFCs.

中文翻译：

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用于阴离子交换膜燃料电池的氢氧化电催化剂：活性描述符、稳定性调节和前景


阴离子交换膜燃料电池 (AEMFC) 的新兴领域为避免对稀缺且昂贵的铂基催化剂的依赖提供了一条充满希望的途径，提供了一种零碳排放的替代方案。尽管许多不含贵金属的阴极氧还原反应催化剂在 AEMFC 中取得了成功，但碱性介质中阳极氢氧化反应 (HOR) 的动力学缓慢，需要大量的 Pt，这对 AEMFC 的发展构成了重大障碍。这篇综述深入研究了碱性 HOR 的复杂景观，首先探索基于不同活性描述符的流行理论，例如氢结合能理论和双功能理论。阐明碱性电解质中的缓慢动力学和反应机制是分析贵金属和非贵金属催化剂的基础，包括形态、组成、局部结构、异质结构、溢出效应、单原子催化剂和亲氧位点工程的考虑。重点是解决关键但经常被忽视的挑战，包括 HOR 催化剂的长期稳定性、抗氧化能力和 CO 耐受性。本综述强调了理论研究和原位表征技术的重要性。随后，详细总结了 AEMFC 的最新进展，利用各种电催化剂来增强活性和耐用性。叙述最后强调了围绕碱性 HOR 机制持续存在的争议，并阐述了对 AEMFC 最终商业化至关重要的挑战和前瞻性研究方向。