In the pursuit of sustainable development, the concept of Circular Economy (CE) has emerged as a transformative alternative to the traditional linear economic model characterized by take, make, use, and dispose practices. However, there is a growing recognition of the limitations of the linear economy in addressing contemporary global challenges, leading to a pressing need for a more regenerative approach. This study aims to explore and analyze Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) associated with the circular economy, particularly focusing on the manufacturing industry, to provide a valuable guide for enterprises looking to integrate CE principles effectively and reinforce sustainability. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of KPIs that embrace sustainability's triple bottom lines - environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The systematic selection of relevant KPIs and the utilization of Social Network Analysis (SNA) to identify the most influential CE KPIs within the manufacturing industry add depth to the research. By identifying and upgrading significant KPIs representing various facets of CE development, this study contributes to a more meticulous understanding of how enterprises can measure their progress towards circularity. In each of the triple bottom lines of sustainability, five significant KPIs were recognized and upgraded to the second assessment process, where these 15 KPIs are analyzed using SNA to obtain 5 aggregated KPIs. The comprehensive analysis of the obtained fifteen KPIs culminates in aggregated CE indicators, primarily strategies and initiatives (SI), material efficiency (ME), productivity of remanufacturing (OR), technology investment (ROR), and eco-innovation (EI). The aggregated Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) displayed an extreme value of the weighted average index attributed to strategies and initiatives KPI with a value of 0.067. These aggregated KPIs provide a practical framework for manufacturers to assess and optimize their circular economy practices. It's essential to note that all binary values incorporated in the proposed approach are derived from an extensive literature review. These values may vary depending on the specific objectives of individual manufacturing firms or focus groups. As a result, the proposed approach is adaptable to diverse manufacturing industries, allowing customization to suit the unique input criteria of each firm or group. Significantly, the current work emphasizes the influential role of manufacturers in shaping a sustainable future in alignment with development goals.

中文翻译：

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迈向可持续制造：制造业循环经济关键绩效指标综合分析

在追求可持续发展的过程中，循环经济（CE）的概念已经出现，作为以获取、制造、使用和处置实践为特征的传统线性经济模式的变革性替代方案。然而，人们越来越认识到线性经济在应对当代全球挑战方面的局限性，从而迫切需要一种更具再生性的方法。本研究旨在探索和分析与循环经济相关的关键绩效指标（KPI），特别是针对制造业，为寻求有效整合循环经济原则并加强可持续性的企业提供有价值的指导。这项研究的新颖之处在于它对包含可持续发展三重底线（环境、经济和社会维度）的关键绩效指标进行了全面检查。系统地选择相关 KPI 并利用社交网络分析 (SNA) 来确定制造业中最具影响力的 CE KPI，增加了研究的深度。通过识别和升级代表循环经济发展各个方面的重要关键绩效指标，本研究有助于更细致地了解企业如何衡量其循环进展。在可持续发展的每一个三重底线中，五个重要的KPI被认可并升级到第二个评估流程，其中这15个KPI使用SNA进行分析以获得5个聚合KPI。对所获得的 15 个 KPI 进行综合分析，最终形成汇总的 CE 指标，主要是战略和举措 (SI)、材料效率 (ME)、再制造生产率 (OR)、技术投资 (ROR) 和生态创新 (EI)。汇总的关键绩效指标 (KPI) 显示，归因于战略和举措 KPI 的加权平均指数极值为 0.067。这些汇总的 KPI 为制造商评估和优化其循环经济实践提供了实用的框架。值得注意的是，所提出的方法中包含的所有二进制值均来自广泛的文献综述。这些值可能会根据各个制造公司或焦点小组的具体目标而有所不同。因此，所提出的方法适用于不同的制造行业，允许定制以满足每个公司或团体的独特输入标准。值得注意的是，当前的工作强调了制造商在塑造符合发展目标的可持续未来方面的影响力作用。