Since their discovery, [2.2]paracyclophane (pCp) and its derivatives have fascinated the scientific community due to their original molecular architecture and unusual electronic behavior. Over the years, significant efforts have been devoted to the development of substituted pCps for a variety of applications in different fields, ranging from organic synthesis and asymmetric catalysis to polymer chemistry and material science. This review describes a series of useful approaches that allow chemists to selectively decorate pCps, control the planar chirality that these molecules can display as soon as they are functionalized, and tune their photophysical behaviors. For each of these aspects of paracyclophane chemistry, selected examples of major advances are presented, and possible directions for future research are outlined. The application of pCp as central core for the development of uncommon 3D luminophores is finally highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the potential use of planar chiral luminescent paracyclophanes as antennas or ligands for the design of multifunctional lanthanide complexes, a quite underdeveloped but highly promising area for future research endeavors.

中文翻译：

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[2.2]对环芳烷：从选择性官能化到光学性质

自从发现以来，[2.2]对环芳烷 (pCp) 及其衍生物因其原始的分子结构和不寻常的电子行为而引起了科学界的关注。多年来，人们致力于开发取代的聚氯乙烯，用于不同领域的各种应用，从有机合成和不对称催化到高分子化学和材料科学。这篇综述描述了一系列有用的方法，这些方法允许化学家选择性地装饰 pCps、控制这些分子在功能化后立即显示的平面手性，并调整它们的光物理行为。对于对环芳烷化学的每个方面，都介绍了主要进展的精选示例，并概述了未来研究的可能方向。最后重点介绍了 pCp 作为开发罕见 3D 发光体的核心的应用。重点放在平面手性发光对环芳烷作为多功能镧系元素配合物设计的天线或配体的潜在用途，这是一个相当不发达但非常有前途的未来研究领域。