SUMMARYThe target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase serves as a central regulator that integrates nutrient and energy signals to orchestrate cellular and organismal physiology in both animals and plants. Despite significant advancements having been made in understanding the molecular and cellular functions of plant TOR kinases, the upstream regulators that modulate TOR activity are not yet fully elucidated. In animals, the translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is recognized as a key player in TOR signaling. This study reveals that two TCTP isoforms from Cucumis sativus, when introduced into Arabidopsis, are instrumental in balancing growth and defense mechanisms against the fungal pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum. We hypothesize that plant TCTPs act as upstream regulators of TOR in response to powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii in Cucumis. Our research further uncovers a stable interaction between CsTCTP and a small GTPase, CsRab11A. Transient transformation assays indicate that CsRab11A is involved in the defense against P. xanthii and promotes the activation of TOR signaling through CsTCTP. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that the critical role of TOR in plant disease resistance is contingent upon its regulated activity; pretreatment with a TOR inhibitor (AZD‐8055) enhances cucumber plant resistance to P. xanthii, while pretreatment with a TOR activator (MHY‐1485) increases susceptibility. These results suggest a sophisticated adaptive response mechanism in which upstream regulators, CsTCTP and CsRab11A, coordinate to modulate TOR function in response to P. xanthii, highlighting a novel aspect of plant–pathogen interactions.

中文翻译：

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黄瓜 (Cucumis sativus L.) 翻译控制的肿瘤蛋白与 CsRab11A 相互作用，并促进雷帕霉素靶点的激活，以响应黄豆球菌 (Podosphaera xanthii)

摘要雷帕霉素 (TOR) 激酶的靶标充当中央调节因子，整合营养和能量信号以协调动物和植物的细胞和有机体生理学。尽管在了解植物 TOR 激酶的分子和细胞功能方面取得了重大进展，但调节 TOR 活性的上游调节因子尚未完全阐明。在动物中，翻译控制肿瘤蛋白 (TCTP) 被认为是 TOR 信号传导的关键参与者。这项研究表明，两种 TCTP 亚型来自黄瓜，当引入到拟南芥，有助于平衡生长和针对真菌病原体的防御机制菊苣球菌。我们假设植物 TCTP 作为 TOR 的上游调节因子，以应对由白粉病引起的白粉病。黄球菌在黄瓜。我们的研究进一步揭示了 CsTCTP 和小型 GTP 酶 CsRab11A 之间的稳定相互作用。瞬时转化测定表明 CsRab11A 参与防御黄杨并通过 CsTCTP 促进 TOR 信号传导的激活。此外，我们的研究结果表明，TOR 在植物抗病性中的关键作用取决于其受调节的活性； TOR 抑制剂 (AZD-8055) 预处理可增强黄瓜植物的抗性黄杨，而 TOR 激活剂 (MHY-1485) 预处理会增加敏感性。这些结果表明了一种复杂的适应性反应机制，其中上游调节因子 CsTCTP 和 CsRab11A 协调调节 TOR 功能，以响应黄杨，突出了植物与病原体相互作用的一个新方面。