This study presents the development and characterization of a novel double-network self-healing hydrogel based on -carboxyethyl chitosan (CEC) and oxidized dextran (OD) with the incorporation of crosslinked collagen (CEC-OD/COL-GP) to enhance its biological and physicochemical properties. The hydrogel formed via dynamic imine bond formation exhibited efficient self-healing within 30 min, and a compressive modulus recovery of 92 % within 2 h. In addition to its self-healing ability, CEC-OD/COL-GP possesses unique physicochemical characteristics including transparency, injectability, and adhesiveness to various substrates and tissues. Cell encapsulation studies confirmed the biocompatibility and suitability of the hydrogel as a cell-culture scaffold, with the presence of a collagen network that enhances cell adhesion, spreading, long-term cell viability, and proliferation. Leveraging their unique properties, we engineered assemblies of self-healing hydrogel modules for controlled spatiotemporal drug delivery and constructed co-culture models that simulate angiogenesis in tumor microenvironments. Overall, the CEC-OD/COL-GP hydrogel is a versatile and promising material for biomedical applications, offering a bottom-up approach for constructing complex structures with self-healing capabilities, controlled drug release, and support for diverse cell types in 3D environments. This hydrogel platform has considerable potential for advancements in tissue engineering and therapeutic interventions.

中文翻译：

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可封装细胞和药物的细胞粘附双网络自修复水凝胶：自下而上构建仿生环境的新平台

本研究介绍了一种新型双网络自修复水凝胶的开发和表征，该水凝胶基于羧乙基壳聚糖（CEC）和氧化葡聚糖（OD），并掺入交联胶原蛋白（CEC-OD/COL-GP）以增强其生物性能和理化性质。通过动态亚胺键形成形成的水凝胶在30分钟内表现出有效的自修复，并且在2小时内压缩模量恢复了92%。除了自愈能力外，CEC-OD/COL-GP还具有独特的理化特性，包括透明性、可注射性以及对各种基材和组织的粘附性。细胞封装研究证实了水凝胶作为细胞培养支架的生物相容性和适用性，其胶原蛋白网络的存在可增强细胞粘附、扩散、长期细胞活力和增殖。利用其独特的特性，我们设计了自愈水凝胶模块组件，用于受控时空药物输送，并构建了模拟肿瘤微环境中血管生成的共培养模型。总体而言，CEC-OD/COL-GP 水凝胶是一种用于生物医学应用的多功能且有前途的材料，提供了一种自下而上的方法来构建具有自愈能力、受控药物释放以及在 3D 环境中支持多种细胞类型的复杂结构。该水凝胶平台在组织工程和治疗干预方面具有巨大的进步潜力。