Horizontal collisions between fruit and rigid walls are a common occurrence in postharvest packaging and transportation. To address this issue, a novel high-precision instrumented impactor was developed, comprising a high-speed imaging system, an ejection device, and a force sensor. Results showed that the impactor was able to effectively simulate the horizontal collision process between various small spherical fruits (such as cherry tomatoes, plums, sweet cherries, and winter jujubes) and packaging materials at three velocities: slow, medium, and high. Output parameters included the impact force and impact time of the fruit acting on each packaging material, as well as the displacement, displacement rate, impact energy, rebound energy, and absorption energy of the fruit. During the horizontal collision simulation, it was observed that the winter jujube exhibited the largest impact force and the shortest impact time among the four types of fruit tested. Conversely, the sweet cherry demonstrated the lowest proportion of damage area when colliding with the EPE board compared to the rigid board and foam board. This study presents a powerful tool for investigating the horizontal collision behaviour between fruit and rigid plates.

中文翻译：

---

基于新型仪表冲击器的水果运输过程中水平碰撞损伤行为研究

水果与刚性壁之间的水平碰撞在采后包装和运输中很常见。为了解决这个问题，开发了一种新型高精度仪表冲击器，包括高速成像系统、弹射装置和力传感器。结果表明，碰撞器能够有效模拟各种小球形水果（如樱桃番茄、李子、甜樱桃、冬枣）与包装材料在慢、中、高速三种速度下的水平碰撞过程。输出参数包括水果对每种包装材料的冲击力和冲击时间，以及水果的位移、位移速率、冲击能量、回弹能量和吸收能量。在水平碰撞模拟过程中，观察到四种水果中冬枣的冲击力最大，冲击时间最短。相反，与硬板和泡沫板相比，甜樱桃在与 EPE 板碰撞时表现出最低的损坏面积比例。这项研究为研究水果和刚性板之间的水平碰撞行为提供了一个强大的工具。