The occupational health burden and mechanisms that link gig work to health are understudied. We described injury and assault prevalence among food delivery gig workers in New York City (NYC) and assessed the effect of job dependence on injury and assault through work-related mechanisms and across transportation modes (electric bike and moped versus car). Data were collected through a 2022 survey commissioned by the NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection among delivery gig workers between October and December 2021 in NYC. We used modified Poisson regression models to estimate the adjusted prevalence rate ratio associations between job dependence and injury and assault. Of 1650 respondents, 66.9% reported that food delivery gig work was their main or only job (i.e., fully dependent). About 21.9% and 20.8% of respondents reported being injured and assaulted, respectively. Injury and assault were more than twice as prevalent among two-wheeled drivers, in comparison to car users. Fully dependent respondents had a 1.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20, 2.16) and a 1.36 (95% CI 1.03, 1.80) times greater prevalence of injury and assault, respectively, than partially dependent respondents after adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, language, employment length, transportation mode, and weekly work hours. These findings suggest that fully dependent food delivery gig workers, especially two-wheeled riders, are highly vulnerable to the negative consequences of working conditions under algorithmic management by the platforms. Improvements to food delivery gig worker health and safety are urgently needed, and company narratives surrounding worker autonomy and flexibility need to be revisited.

职业健康负担以及将零工工作与健康联系起来的机制尚未得到充分研究。我们描述了纽约市 (NYC) 送餐零工工人受伤和袭击的发生率，并通过工作相关机制和跨交通方式（电动自行车和轻便摩托车与汽车）评估了工作依赖对受伤和袭击的影响。数据是通过纽约市消费者和工人保护部委托于 2021 年 10 月至 12 月期间对纽约市的送货工人进行的 2022 年调查收集的。我们使用修改后的泊松回归模型来估计工作依赖与伤害和袭击之间调整后的患病率比率关联。在 1650 名受访者中，66.9% 的人表示送餐零工是他们的主要或唯一工作（即完全依赖）。分别约有 21.9% 和 20.8% 的受访者表示曾遭受伤害和袭击。与汽车使用者相比，两轮司机受伤和袭击的发生率是汽车使用者的两倍多。在调整了年龄、性别、种族和民族、语言、工作年限、交通方式和每周工作时间。这些发现表明，完全依赖食品配送的零工工人，尤其是两轮骑手，非常容易受到平台算法管理下工作条件的负面影响。迫切需要改善食品配送零工工人的健康和安全，并且需要重新审视公司有关工人自主性和灵活性的叙述。