Experimental laboratory research has an important role to play in dementia prevention. Mechanisms underlying modifiable risk factors for dementia are promising targets for dementia prevention but are difficult to investigate in human populations due to technological constraints and confounds. Therefore, controlled laboratory experiments in models such as transgenic rodents, invertebrates and in vitro cultured cells are increasingly used to investigate dementia risk factors and test strategies which target them to prevent dementia. This review provides an overview of experimental research into 15 established and putative modifiable dementia risk factors: less early‐life education, hearing loss, depression, social isolation, life stress, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, heavy alcohol use, smoking, air pollution, anesthetic exposure, traumatic brain injury, and disordered sleep. It explores how experimental models have been, and can be, used to address questions about modifiable dementia risk and prevention that cannot readily be addressed in human studies.Highlights Modifiable dementia risk factors are promising targets for dementia prevention. Interrogation of mechanisms underlying dementia risk is difficult in human populations. Studies using diverse experimental models are revealing modifiable dementia risk mechanisms. We review experimental research into 15 modifiable dementia risk factors. Laboratory science can contribute uniquely to dementia prevention.

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实验实验室模型作为了解可改变的痴呆风险的工具

实验实验室研究在痴呆症预防中发挥着重要作用。痴呆症可改变风险因素的潜在机制是预防痴呆症的有希望的目标，但由于技术限制和混杂因素，很难在人群中进行研究。因此，在转基因啮齿动物、无脊椎动物和体外培养细胞等模型中进行的对照实验室实验越来越多地用于研究痴呆症危险因素和针对这些因素预防痴呆症的测试策略。这篇综述概述了 15 种已确定的和推定的可改变的痴呆症危险因素的实验研究：早期教育较少、听力损失、抑郁、社会孤立、生活压力、高血压、肥胖、糖尿病、缺乏身体活动、酗酒、吸烟、空气污染、麻醉剂暴露、脑外伤和睡眠障碍。它探讨了实验模型如何以及如何用于解决有关可改变的痴呆症风险和预防的问题，这些问题在人类研究中无法轻易解决。 可改变的痴呆风险因素是预防痴呆的有希望的目标。 在人群中探究痴呆风险的潜在机制是很困难的。 使用不同实验模型的研究揭示了可改变的痴呆风险机制。 我们回顾了 15 种可改变的痴呆症风险因素的实验研究。 实验室科学可以为痴呆症的预防做出独特的贡献。