Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered a strong contender for the new-generation secondary energy storage system due to their high capacity and energy density. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LPSs) severely hinder the cycle stability. The robust design of both the separator and cathode exhibit an effective role in restricting the shuttle effect and accelerating redox kinetics through the LPSs trapping and catalyzing effect. In this paper, a CNT-modified tin sulfide and tin oxide (SnS-SnO-CNTs) heterostructure was constructed as a multifunctional catalyst to modify both the separator and cathode to achieve high-performance LSBs. The formation of SnS-SnO heterostructure promotes the movement of the P band center of the tin atom to the Fermi level, which realizes the association process of adsorption, capture, and conversion of LPSs, thus effectively suppressing the shuttle effect. The SnS-SnO heterogeneous interface can also reduce the deposition barrier of LiS, thus greatly promoting the redox kinetics. Together with the improved electron transfer, the resulting LSBs with the robust electrode and separator exhibit superior electrochemical performance with a high initial capacity of 930.2 mAh g at 1 C with a high sulfur loading of 4.3 mg cm and a remarkable capacity of up to 580.3 mAh g at an ultrahigh rate of 7.4 C.

中文翻译：

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调节SnS2-SnO2异质结构的P带中心以提高高性能锂硫电池的氧化还原动力学

锂硫电池（LSB）因其高容量和能量密度而被认为是新一代二次能源存储系统的有力竞争者。然而，多硫化锂（LPS）缓慢的反应动力学和穿梭效应严重阻碍了循环稳定性。隔膜和阴极的稳健设计在限制穿梭效应和通过 LPS 捕获和催化作用加速氧化还原动力学方面表现出有效的作用。本文构建了一种碳纳米管改性的硫化锡和氧化锡（SnS-SnO-CNTs）异质结构作为多功能催化剂，用于修饰隔膜和阴极，以实现高性能LSB。 SnS-SnO异质结构的形成促进了锡原子的P带中心向费米能级的移动，实现了LPS的吸附、捕获和转化的缔合过程，从而有效抑制了穿梭效应。 SnS-SnO异质界面还可以降低LiS的沉积势垒，从而极大地促进氧化还原动力学。加上改进的电子转移，由此产生的具有坚固电极和隔膜的 LSB 表现出卓越的电化学性能，在 1 C 时具有 930.2 mAh g 的高初始容量，硫负载量高达 4.3 mg cm，容量高达 580.3 mAh g，超高速率 7.4 C。