With the escalating generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the increasing utilization of collection and transportation (C&T) vehicles within the MSW classification system, the associated costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from waste drop-off, as well as the C&T processes, have risen sharply. However, the mesoscopic view of the waste drop-off and C&T system is limited. Therefore, we divided the waste classification management (WCM) system into three subsystems: generation and drop-off, C&T, and disposal. Based on system dynamics theory, the logical relationships between relevant parameters in each subsystem were established. A WCM system dynamics model, which focused mainly on the drop-off and C&T processes, was constructed using Anylogic software. Using sensitivity, scenario, and uncertainty analyses, the economic impact and GHG emissions of the WCM system were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the waste drop-off and C&T processes accounted for 54.29–57.87% ($47.31 per ton) and 24.54–26.83% ($21.39–21.93 per ton) of the total cost in the whole waste management chain, respectively. GHG emissions were mainly generated in disposal facilities (116.84–257.86 kg CO-eq/t), followed by C&T (19.02–20.55 kg CO-eq/t) and drop-off processes (12.68–18.78 kg CO-eq/t). The system cost and GHG emissions were significantly influenced by the components of the source-separated waste and operational parameters of the applied C&T vehicles. This study not only provides a basis for WCM policy formulation but also a tool for the design and optimization of waste C&T systems.

中文翻译：

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基于系统动力学的特大城市固废管理成本和温室气体排放建模与评估：以西安为例

随着城市固体废物（MSW）产生量的不断增加以及城市固体废物分类系统中收集和运输（C＆T）车辆的使用不断增加，废物丢弃的相关成本和温室气体（GHG）排放量以及C＆T进程，急剧上升。然而，废物投放和 C&T 系统的细观视角是有限的。因此，我们将废物分类管理（WCM）系统分为三个子系统：产生和丢弃、C&T和处置。基于系统动力学理论，建立了各子系统相关参数之间的逻辑关系。使用Anylogic软件构建了WCM系统动力学模型，主要关注下降和C&T过程。利用敏感性、情景和不确定性分析，详细分析了 WCM 系统的经济影响和温室气体排放。结果显示，废物丢弃和C&T过程分别占整个废物管理链总成本的54.29-57.87%（每吨47.31美元）和24.54-26.83%（每吨21.39-21.93美元）。温室气体排放主要产生于处置设施（116.84–257.86 kg CO-eq/t），其次是C&T（19.02–20.55 kg CO-eq/t）和丢弃过程（12.68–18.78 kg CO-eq/t） 。系统成本和温室气体排放受到源头分离废物的成分和所应用的C&T车辆的运行参数的显着影响。本研究不仅为WCM政策制定提供依据，也为废物C&T系统的设计和优化提供工具。