The study on piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of sodium bismuth titanate-based materials is essential for piezoelectric electronic components. In this study, a series of lead-free relaxor ferroelectric (1−)BiNaTiO-BaSnO (BNT-BS) ceramics were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The phase performance, fracture morphologies, permittivity, ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and thermal expansion for various BS contents () were systematically studied. With an increase in , the phase transition from 3 to 4, and the grain size marginally decreased from 1.79 to 1.51 μm. Meanwhile, the degree of dielectric relaxor and diffused phase transition improved, and the ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity initially increased and then decreased. The optimal electrical properties of = 41.6 μC/cm, = 167.8 pC/N, and = 0.318 were observed at = 0.06. The paper discusses how site disorder, long-range electric dipole ordering, and grain size influence various electrical properties. The mechanism of the thermal expansion behaviour was investigated based on Born-Lande theory. This study could serve as a landmark for studying multifunctional BNT-based piezoelectric materials for potential energy-harvesting devices.

中文翻译：

---

(1−x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBaSnO3 无铅压电陶瓷的弛豫铁电性和热膨胀行为

钛酸铋钠基材料的压电和铁电性能研究对于压电电子元件至关重要。本研究采用传统固相反应方法制备了一系列无铅弛豫铁电(1−)BiNaTiO-BaSnO (BNT-BS)陶瓷。系统地研究了不同 BS 含量 () 的相性能、断裂形貌、介电常数、铁电性、压电性和热膨胀性。随着 的增加，相变从 3 到 4，晶粒尺寸从 1.79 μm 略微减小到 1.51 μm。同时，介电弛豫和扩散相变程度提高，铁电性和压电性先增大后减小。在 = 0.06 时观察到的最佳电性能为 = 41.6 μC/cm、= 167.8 pC/N 和 = 0.318。本文讨论了位点无序、长程电偶极子有序性和晶粒尺寸如何影响各种电性能。基于Born-Lande理论研究了热膨胀行为的机理。这项研究可以作为研究用于潜在能量收集设备的多功能 BNT 压电材料的里程碑。