Biomass is the only renewable carbon-containing resource, which could be converted into high-value liquid fuel via catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) using zeolite catalysts. The development of ZSM-5 synthesis technology based on low-cost raw materials is crucial for industrial-scale production of ZSM-5 zeolites. In this study, we report a solvent-free route for synthesizing ZSM-5 zeolites from two solid wastes: spent fluid catalytic cracking (sFCC) catalyst and rice husk ash (RHA). The effect of ZSM-5 zeolites derived from various raw materials (individual RHA, sFCC catalyst, and their combination) on the conversion of cellulose into aromatics are investigated in a fixed bed reactor. Cellulose catalytic pyrolysis using the zeolite derived from the combination of RHA and sFCC catalyst (R/F-Zeolite) demonstrates a significant enhancement in the production of aromatics compared to using individual raw materials. When mixing 25 % R/F-Zeolite with 75 % commercial ZSM-5, the total yield of BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) increases by 16 % compared to using individual commercial ZSM-5, with a 37 % and 17 % increase in the yield of benzene and toluene, respectively. Moreover, R/F-Zeolite has a better performance of coke resistance than commercial ZSM-5. This work offers a cost-effective solution for the industrial-scale synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolites to produce aromatic-rich biofuel, which also brings benefits in terms of waste disposal.

中文翻译：

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基于无溶剂路线的固废合成沸石催化热解纤维素

生物质是唯一可再生的含碳资源，可以通过使用沸石催化剂的催化快速热解（CFP）将其转化为高价值的液体燃料。开发基于低成本原料的ZSM-5合成技术对于ZSM-5沸石的工业规模生产至关重要。在这项研究中，我们报告了一种利用两种固体废物合成 ZSM-5 沸石的无溶剂路线：废流体催化裂化 (sFCC) 催化剂和稻壳灰 (RHA)。在固定床反应器中研究了源自各种原材料（单独的 RHA、sFCC 催化剂及其组合）的 ZSM-5 沸石对纤维素转化为芳烃的影响。使用源自 RHA 和 sFCC 催化剂组合的沸石（R/F-沸石）进行纤维素催化热解表明，与使用单独的原材料相比，芳烃的产量显着提高。当将 25 % R/F-沸石与 75 % 商用 ZSM-5 混合时，BTX（苯、甲苯和二甲苯）的总收率比使用单独的商用 ZSM-5 增加了 16 %，分别为 37 % 和 17 %苯和甲苯的产率分别增加。此外，R/F-Zeolite比商用ZSM-5具有更好的抗焦炭性能。这项工作为工业规模合成 ZSM-5 沸石以生产富含芳烃的生物燃料提供了一种经济有效的解决方案，这也带来了废物处理方面的好处。