The management of postharvest broccoli ( L. var) exemplifies a crucial element in ensuring agricultural sustainability and food preservation. The main aim of our study was to investigate the physiological and molecular factors that influence the shelf life of broccoli by employing several technologies known to influence its deterioration, namely controlled atmosphere (CA), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), and ethylene interventions. Controlled atmosphere (CA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) delay the senescence process whereas ethylene promotes broccoli senescence. The study involved physiological assessments to investigate the broccoli senescence patterns as influenced by temperature, and the effects of CA, 1-MCP, and ethylene on the shelf life of broccoli. Concurrently, RNA sequencing and subsequent analysis improved our understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms behind postharvest senescence. The application of 1-MCP and CA demonstrated significant delays in the senescence process, affirming their effectiveness in maintaining broccoli quality during postharvest storage. We found that the MAPK pathway during 1-MCP treatment was involved in stress and defense responses by expression of genes like WRKY33, WRKY29, EIN3, PYL4, Catalase 2-like (CAT2 like), and SRK2E. Furthermore, alterations in auxin-responsive genes like IAA, SAUR21, and SAUR36 highlight the differential modulation of ethylene and auxin signaling pathways. A subsequent experiment demonstrated that in postharvest broccoli, exogenous auxin promotes senescence and auxin inhibitors retard senescence. Downregulation of key enzymatic genes, including UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferases, during CA treatment points to inhibition of glycolysis, which might be one of the mechanisms to enhance the shelf life of harvested products and delay senescence. Senescence-associated gene expression patterns suggested stage-specific connections that need additional investigation. This study offers valuable insights into the field of postharvest management, providing practical knowledge by identifying target genes for enhancing broccoli storage life and mitigating food waste.

中文翻译：

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揭示了温度、CA、乙烯暴露和 1-MCP 对西兰花采后衰老影响的独特分子机制

采后西兰花 (L. var) 的管理是确保农业可持续性和食品保存的关键因素。我们研究的主要目的是通过采用几种已知会影响西兰花变质的技术，即气调 (CA)、1-甲基环丙烯 (1-MCP) 和乙烯干预，研究影响西兰花保质期的生理和分子因素。 。可控气氛 (CA) 和 1-甲基环丙烯 (1-MCP) 延缓衰老过程，而乙烯则促进西兰花衰老。该研究涉及生理评估，以调查西兰花衰老模式受温度的影响，以及 CA、1-MCP 和乙烯对西兰花保质期的影响。与此同时，RNA 测序和后续分析提高了我们对采后衰老背后复杂分子机制的理解。 1-MCP 和 CA 的应用证明了衰老过程的显着延迟，证实了它们在采后储存期间保持西兰花质量的有效性。我们发现 1-MCP 治疗期间的 MAPK 通路通过 WRKY33、WRKY29、EIN3、PYL4、过氧化氢酶 2 样（CAT2 样）和 SRK2E 等基因的表达参与应激和防御反应。此外，IAA、SAUR21 和 SAUR36 等生长素响应基因的改变凸显了乙烯和生长素信号通路的差异调节。随后的实验表明，在采后西兰花中，外源生长素促进衰老，而生长素抑制剂则延缓衰老。 CA 处理期间关键酶基因（包括 UTP-葡萄糖-1-磷酸尿苷酰转移酶）的下调表明糖酵解受到抑制，这可能是延长收获产品保质期和延缓衰老的机制之一。衰老相关基因表达模式表明特定阶段的联系需要进一步研究。这项研究为采后管理领域提供了宝贵的见解，通过识别目标基因来提高西兰花的储存寿命和减少食物浪费，从而提供实用知识。