To compare the similarities and differences between patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and those with other community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), utilizing propensity score matching (PSM), regarding hospitalization expenses, treatment options, and prognostic outcomes, aiming to inform the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Patients admitted to the ICU of the Third People’s Hospital of Datong City, diagnosed with COVID-19 from December 2022 to February 2023, constituted the observation group, while those with other CAP admitted from January to November 2022 formed the control group. Basic information, clinical data at admission, and time from symptom onset to admission were matched using PSM. A total of 70 patients were included in the COVID-19 group and 119 in the CAP group. The patients were matched by the propensity matching method, and 37 patients were included in each of the last two groups. After matching, COVID-19 had a higher failure rate than CAP, but the difference was not statistically significant (73% vs. 51%, p = 0.055). The utilization rate of antiviral drugs (40% vs. 11%, p = 0.003), γ-globulin (19% vs. 0%, p = 0.011) and prone position ventilation (PPV) (27% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) in patients with COVID-19 were higher than those in the CAP, and the differences were statistically significant. The total hospitalization cost of COVID-19 patients was lower than that of CAP patients, and the difference was statistically significant (27889.5 vs. 50175.9, p = 0.007). The hospital stay for COVID-19 patients was shorter than for CAP patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (10.9 vs. 16.6, p = 0.071). Our findings suggest that limited medical resources influenced patient outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing substantial demands for ICU capacity and medications during this period could have potentially reduced the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients.

中文翻译：

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基于倾向评分匹配的入住 ICU 的 COVID-19 患者和其他社区获得性肺炎患者的结局和特征比较

利用倾向评分匹配 (PSM) 比较 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 患者与入住重症监护病房 (ICU) 的其他社区获得性肺炎 (CAP) 患者在住院费用方面的异同，治疗方案和预后结果，旨在为 COVID-19 的诊断和治疗提供信息。 2022年12月至2023年2月在大同市第三人民医院ICU收治的确诊为COVID-19的患者为观察组，2022年1月至11月收治的其他CAP患者为对照组。使用 PSM 匹配基本信息、入院时的临床数据以及从症状出现到入院的时间。 COVID-19 组共有 70 名患者，CAP 组共有 119 名患者。采用倾向匹配法对患者进行匹配，后两组各纳入37例患者。匹配后，COVID-19 的失败率高于 CAP，但差异无统计学意义（73% vs. 51%，p = 0.055）。抗病毒药物（40% vs. 11%，p = 0.003）、γ-球蛋白（19% vs. 0%，p = 0.011）和俯卧位通气（PPV）（27% vs. 0%，p）的使用率< 0.001) 的 COVID-19 患者高于 CAP 患者，且差异具有统计学意义。 COVID-19患者的总住院费用低于CAP患者，差异有统计学意义（27889.5 vs. 50175.9，p = 0.007）。 COVID-19 患者的住院时间短于 CAP 患者，但差异无统计学意义（10.9 vs. 16.6，p = 0.071）。我们的研究结果表明，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，有限的医疗资源影响了患者的治疗结果。在此期间满足 ICU 容量和药物的大量需求可能会降低 COVID-19 患者的死亡率。