In recent years, aquaculture has expanded rapidly to address food scarcity and provides high-quality aquatic products. However, this growth has led to the release of significant effluents, containing emerging contaminants like antibiotics, microplastics (MPs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the occurrence and interactions of these pollutants in aquaculture environment. Combined pollutants, such as MPs and coexisting adsorbents, were widespread and could include antibiotics, heavy metals, resistance genes, and pathogens. Elevated levels of chemical pollutants on MPs could lead to the emergence of resistance genes under selective pressure, facilitated by bacterial communities and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). MPs acted as vectors, transferring pollutants into the food web. Various technologies, including membrane technology, coagulation, and advanced oxidation, have been trialed for pollutants removal, each with its benefits and drawbacks. Future research should focus on ecologically friendly treatment technologies for emerging contaminants in aquaculture wastewater. This review provided insights into understanding and addressing newly developing toxins, aiming to develop integrated systems for effective aquaculture wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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揭开其中的联系：微塑料、抗生素和抗逆转录病毒药物在水产养殖中的相互作用、威胁和控制——综述

近年来，水产养殖迅速发展，以解决粮食短缺问题并提供优质水产品。然而，这种增长导致大量废水的排放，其中含有抗生素、微塑料 (MP) 和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 等新兴污染物。本研究调查了这些污染物在水产养殖环境中的发生和相互作用。复合污染物（例如 MP 和共存的吸附剂）非常普遍，可能包括抗生素、重金属、抗性基因和病原体。 MP 上化学污染物水平升高可能导致在细菌群落和水平基因转移 (HGT) 的推动下，在选择压力下出现抗性基因。国会议员充当媒介，将污染物转移到食物网中。人们已经尝试了各种技术来去除污染物，包括膜技术、混凝技术和高级氧化技术，每种技术都有其优点和缺点。未来的研究应重点关注水产养殖废水中新兴污染物的生态友好型处理技术。该综述提供了对理解和解决新产生的毒素的见解，旨在开发有效水产养殖废水处理的综合系统。