Photovoltaic performance and stability are critical for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSC). In this research article, NiO nanoparticles are directly incorporated into CHNHPbI to improve the photovoltaic properties and sustainability of perovskite solar cells. The NiO NPs have been successfully synthesised by hydrothermal method. The hydrothermally synthesised NiO incorporated CHNHPbI based Perovskite Solar Cells (NiO–CHNHPbI based PSC) shows a superior power conversion efficiency of 13.43 %, current density (J) of 22.79 mA/cm, an open circuit voltage (V) of 0.95 V and a Fill Factor (FF) of 0.64 compared with NiO free perovskite solar cell. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) investigation reveals the enhancement in the charge transport properties of the NiO–CHNHPbI based PSCs. The EIS results prove that NiO NPs have improved the perovskite layer quality, charge generation and collection, and charge transport properties. The strong PL quenching indicates the good charge separation/injection due to the formation of smart perovskite crystal structure in the NiO–CHNHPbI composite. The NiO–CHNHPbI based PSC along with a carbon back electrode has achieved impressive stability over 600 h.

中文翻译：

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掺入 CH3NH3PbI3 的氧化镍可用于稳定高效的平面钙钛矿太阳能电池

光伏性能和稳定性对于钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的商业化至关重要。在这篇研究文章中，将 NiO 纳米颗粒直接掺入 CHNHPbI 中，以提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏性能和可持续性。通过水热法成功合成了NiO NPs。水热合成的 NiO 掺入 CHNHPbI 基钙钛矿太阳能电池（NiO-CHNHPbI 基 PSC）显示出优异的功率转换效率（13.43%）、电流密度（J）为 22.79 mA/cm、开路电压（V）为 0.95 V 和与不含 NiO 的钙钛矿太阳能电池相比，填充因子 (FF) 为 0.64。电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 研究揭示了基于 NiO-CHNHPbI 的 PSC 的电荷传输特性的增强。 EIS结果证明NiO NPs改善了钙钛矿层质量、电荷产生和收集以及电荷传输性能。强烈的 PL 猝灭表明由于 NiO-CHNHPbI 复合材料中智能钙钛矿晶体结构的形成而具有良好的电荷分离/注入。基于 NiO-CHNH3PbI 的 PSC 和碳背电极在 600 小时内实现了令人印象深刻的稳定性。