Hollow porous carbon nanospheres (HPCS) are ideal scaffolds for phase change materials in thermal energy storage. However, their synthesis traditionally relies on template-based routes, involving tedious procedures and high costs. This study presents a facile method for preparing HPCS through one-step carbonization of phenolic resin using CuCl as the activation agent. This mild activation agent not only helps create a rich porous structure, but also maintains the hollow spherical architecture of the polymer precursor. More importantly, copper ions are reduced to copper nanoparticles during the carbonization process and are loaded into porous carbon, enhancing the thermal conductivity of the scaffold. After incorporating paraffin, the resulting composite exhibits a high phase change enthalpy of 104.4 J g, improved thermal conductivity of 0.95 W m K, and excellent thermal cycling stability (100.5 J g after 50 heating-cooling cycles), indicating significant potential for thermal energy storage and management.

中文翻译：

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用于热能储存的酚醛树脂原位负载铜中空多孔碳纳米球


中空多孔碳纳米球（HPCS）是热能储存中相变材料的理想支架。然而，它们的合成传统上依赖于基于模板的路线，涉及繁琐的程序和高昂的成本。本研究提出了一种使用 CuCl 作为活化剂通过酚醛树脂一步碳化制备 HPCS 的简便方法。这种温和的活化剂不仅有助于形成丰富的多孔结构，而且还能保持聚合物前体的中空球形结构。更重要的是，铜离子在碳化过程中被还原为铜纳米粒子并负载到多孔碳中，增强了支架的导热性。掺入石蜡后，所得复合材料表现出 104.4 J g 的高相变焓、0.95 W m K 的改进热导率和出色的热循环稳定性（50 次加热-冷却循环后为 100.5 J g），表明热能的巨大潜力存储和管理。