PurposeWe evaluate the performance of a deformable image registration (DIR) software package in registering abdominal magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and then develop a mechanical modeling method to mitigate detected DIR uncertainties.Materials and MethodsThree evaluation metrics, namely mean displacement to agreement (MDA), DICE similarity coefficient (DSC), and standard deviation of Jacobian determinants (STD‐JD), are used to assess the multi‐modality (MM), contour‐consistency (CC), and image‐intensity (II)‐based DIR algorithms in the MIM software package, as well as an in‐house developed, contour matching‐based finite element method (CM‐FEM). Furthermore, we develop a hybrid FEM registration technique to modify the displacement vector field of each MIM registration. The MIM and FEM registrations were evaluated on MRIs obtained from 10 abdominal cancer patients. One‐tailed Wilcoxon‐Mann‐Whitney (WMW) tests were conducted to compare the MIM registrations with their FEM modifications.ResultsFor the registrations performed with the MIM‐CC, MIM‐MM, MIM‐II, and CM‐FEM algorithms, their average MDAs are 0.62 ± 0.27, 2.39 ± 1.30, 3.07 ± 2.42, 1.04 ± 0.72 mm, and average DSCs are 0.94 ± 0.03, 0.80 ± 0.12, 0.77 ± 0.15, 0.90 ± 0.11, respectively. The p‐values of the WMW tests between the MIM registrations and their FEM modifications are less than 0.0084 for STD‐JDs and greater than 0.87 for MDA and DSC.ConclusionsAmong the three MIM DIR algorithms, MIM‐CC shows the smallest errors in terms of MDA and DSC but exhibits significant Jacobian uncertainties in the interior regions of abdominal organs. The hybrid FEM technique effectively mitigates the Jacobian uncertainties in these regions.

中文翻译：

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MRI 引导自适应放疗的可变形图像配准不确定性的评估和缓解

目的我们评估可变形图像配准（DIR）软件包在配准腹部磁共振图像（MRI）方面的性能，然后开发一种机械建模方法来减轻检测到的 DIR 不确定性。材料和方法三个评估指标，即平均位移一致性（MDA） 、DICE相似系数（DSC）和雅可比行列式标准差（STD-JD）用于评估基于多模态（MM）、轮廓一致性（CC）和图像强度（II）的DIR算法MIM 软件包中，以及内部开发的基于轮廓匹配的有限元方法 (CM-FEM)。此外，我们开发了一种混合 FEM 配准技术来修改每个 MIM 配准的位移矢量场。 MIM 和 FEM 配准根据 10 名腹部癌症患者的 MRI 进行评估。进行单尾 Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) 测试，将 MIM 配准与其 FEM 修改进行比较。结果对于使用 MIM-CC、MIM-MM、MIM-II 和 CM-FEM 算法进行的配准，其平均值MDA 分别为 0.62 ± 0.27、2.39 ± 1.30、3.07 ± 2.42、1.04 ± 0.72 mm，平均 DSC 分别为 0.94 ± 0.03、0.80 ± 0.12、0.77 ± 0.15、0.90 ± 0.11。这p‐MIM 配准及其 FEM 修改之间的 WMW 测试值对于 STD-JD 小于 0.0084，对于 MDA 和 DSC 大于 0.87。结论在三种 MIM DIR 算法中，MIM-CC 在 MDA 和DSC 但在腹部器官的内部区域表现出显着的雅可比不确定性。混合有限元技术有效地减轻了这些区域的雅可比不确定性。