Canine leishmaniosis is a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania infantum, and clinical manifestations of infection range from absent or severe to fatal and result from immune-mediated mechanisms. In dogs, the most common clinical signs of leishmaniosis include skin lesions and lymphadenomegaly. However, the presence of other nontypical signs has been described, and diagnosing these cases can be challenging. The aim of the present short communication was to describe the impact of the formation of circulating immunocomplexes due to L. infantum in a dog with leishmaniosis affected by a massive venous thrombus of the caudal vena cava and external iliac veins. On admission, the dog presented bilateral cutaneous vasculopathy of the thigh and renal disease due to L. infantum infection. Two weeks after starting anti-Leishmania treatment based on meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol administration, the animal developed acute claudication of the hind limbs with the presence of a thrombus in the caudal vena cava and the external iliac veins and a high level of circulating immunocomplexes detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Exacerbation of the humoral immune response, along with deposition of circulating immune complexes in the tissues and the concurrent presence of kidney and liver damage, might have contributed to an imbalance in haemostasis in this patient. Future studies should evaluate and analyse the pathological mechanisms contributing to thrombosis in dogs with leishmaniosis.

犬利什曼病是一种由婴儿利什曼原虫引起的媒介传播疾病，感染的临床表现从不存在或严重到致命，是由免疫介导机制引起的。在狗中，利什曼病最常见的临床症状包括皮肤损伤和淋巴结肿大。然而，已经描述了其他非典型体征的存在，并且诊断这些病例可能具有挑战性。本简短交流的目的是描述婴儿乳杆菌对患有利什曼病的狗形成循环免疫复合物的影响，该狗受到尾腔静脉和髂外静脉的大量静脉血栓的影响。入院时，该犬因婴儿乳杆菌感染而出现大腿双侧皮肤血管病变和肾脏疾病。开始基于葡甲胺锑酸盐和别嘌呤醇给药的抗利什曼原虫治疗两周后，该动物出现后肢急性跛行，尾腔静脉和髂外静脉中存在血栓，并且通过检测检测到高水平的循环免疫复合物。酶联免疫吸附测定。体液免疫反应的加剧、循环免疫复合物在组织中的沉积以及肾脏和肝脏损伤的同时存在，可能导致该患者的止血失衡。未来的研究应该评估和分析利什曼病犬血栓形成的病理机制。