Aims:Social inequalities in mortality persist or even increase in high-income countries. Most evidence is based on a period approach to measuring mortality – that is, data from individuals born decades apart. A cohort approach, however, provides complementary insights using data from individuals who grow up and age under similar social and institutional arrangements. This study compares income inequalities in cohort life expectancy in two Swedish cohorts, one born before and one born after the expansion of the welfare state.Methods:Data on individuals born in Sweden in 1922–1926 and 1951–1955 were obtained from total population registries. These data were linked to individual disposable income from 1970 and 1999 and mortality between 50 and 61 years of age in 1972–1987 and 2001–2016, respectively. We calculated cohort temporary life expectancies in the two cohorts by income and gender.Results:Life expectancy, income, and income inequalities in life expectancy increased between the two cohorts, for both men and women. Women born in 1922–1926 had modest income differences in life expectancy, but pronounced differences emerged in the cohort born in 1951–1955. Men with low incomes born in 1951–1955 had roughly similar life expectancy as those with low incomes born in 1922–1926.Conclusions:Compared with a period approach to life expectancy trends, the cohort approach highlights the stagnation of mortality at the lowest income groups for men and the rapid emergence of a mortality gradient for women. Future research on health inequalities in welfare states should consider underlying factors both from a cohort and period perspective.

中文翻译：

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相差一代人：福利国家扩张前后出生的两个瑞典群体的个人收入和预期寿命

目标：在高收入国家，死亡率方面的社会不平等现象持续存在，甚至有所加剧。大多数证据都是基于衡量死亡率的时期方法，即出生时间相隔数十年的个体的数据。然而，队列方法利用在类似的社会和制度安排下成长和变老的个人的数据提供了补充见解。本研究比较了两个瑞典队列的收入不平等，一组出生在福利国家扩张之前，另一组出生在福利国家扩张之后。方法：1922-1926 年和 1951-1955 年出生在瑞典的个人数据来自总人口登记。 。这些数据分别与1970年和1999年的个人可支配收入以及1972年至1987年和2001年至2016年50岁至61岁之间的死亡率相关。我们按收入和性别计算了两个队列中的队列临时预期寿命。结果：无论男性还是女性，两个队列之间的预期寿命、收入以及预期寿命中的收入不平等均有所增加。 1922-1926 年出生的女性在预期寿命方面收入差异不大，但 1951-1955 年出生的女性则存在显着差异。 1951年至1955年出生的低收入男性的预期寿命与1922年至1926年出生的低收入男性的预期寿命大致相似。结论：与预期寿命趋势的时期方法相比，队列方法强调了最低收入群体的死亡率停滞不前男性死亡率梯度迅速出现。未来对福利国家健康不平等的研究应该从队列和时期的角度考虑潜在因素。