Lithium-ion batteries have achieved great improvement in the past decades, while high-performance anode materials are still challenging. Metal doping, vacancy generation, and carbon coating have been proven to be efficient in improving the electrochemical performance of anode materials. Herein, rod-like zinc oxide nanostructure with Fe-doping, oxygen vacancies, and nanometer-thick nitrogen-doped carbon coating (Fe-ZnO_1–x/NC) was synthesized via solvothermal and calcination process in an Ar/H₂ atmosphere. As an anode material, the enhanced Li⁺ storage performance of Fe-ZnO_1–x/NC rods was demonstrated due to the accumulated advantages of the Fe-doping, nanosized structure and oxygen vacancies within ZnO, and the N-doped carbon layer on the surface, which can improve the conductivity and alleviate the large volume expansion of the electrode material during the Li⁺ intercalation and deintercalation process. At 300 mA g^–1, a stable specific capacity of 497.8 mAh g^–1 after 500 cycles was displayed for Fe-ZnO_1–x/NC. The rate capacity of 787.2 mAh g^–1 was maintained when the current density was returned to 50 mA g^–1. This work provides an efficient design strategy for high-quality electrode materials.

中文翻译：

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用于锂离子存储的涂有纳米厚氮掺杂碳的铁掺杂氧化锌棒

锂离子电池在过去几十年中取得了巨大进步，但高性能负极材料仍然具有挑战性。金属掺杂、空位生成和碳涂层已被证明可以有效提高负极材料的电化学性能。在此，通过溶剂热和Ar/H ₂气氛中的煅烧过程合成了具有Fe掺杂、氧空位和纳米厚氮掺杂碳涂层的棒状氧化锌纳米结构（Fe-ZnO _{1– x} /NC） 。作为负极材料，Fe-ZnO _{1– x} ^{/NC棒的增强的Li +}存储性能由于ZnO中Fe掺杂、纳米结构和氧空位以及ZnO上N掺杂碳层的累积优势而得到证明。表面，可以提高电导率并缓解电极材料在Li ⁺嵌入和脱嵌过程中的较大体积膨胀。在 300 mA g ^{–1下，Fe-ZnO} _{1– x} /NC在 500 次循环后显示出497.8 mAh g ^–1的稳定比容量。当电流密度恢复到50 mA g ^–1时，倍率容量仍保持在787.2 mAh g ^–1。这项工作为高质量电极材料提供了有效的设计策略。