Eating fruits and vegetables loaded with natural antioxidants can boost human health considerably and help fight off diseases linked to oxidative stress. Hydrogen has unique antioxidant effects. However, its low-solubility and fast-diffusion has limited its applications in agriculture. Integration of hydrogen with nanobubble technology could address such problems. However, the physiological adaptation and response mechanism of crops to hydrogen nanobubbles is still poorly understood. Antioxidant concentrations of lycopene, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and resveratrol in hydrogen nanobubble water drip-irrigated tomato fruits increased by 16.3-264.8% and 2.2-19.8%, respectively, compared to underground water and oxygen nanobubble water. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were combined to investigate the regulatory mechanisms that differed from the controls. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed differe8nces in the abundances of genes responsible for hormonal control, hydrogenase genes, and necessary synthetic metabolites of antioxidants, which helped to clarify the observed improvements in antioxidants. This is the first case of hydrogen nanobubble water irrigation increasing numerous natural antioxidant parts in fruits. Considering the characteristics of hydrogen and the application of the nanobubble technology in agriculture, the findings of the present study could facilitate the understanding of the potential effects of hydrogen on biological processes and the mechanisms of action on plant growth and development.

中文翻译：

---

通过氢纳米气泡灌溉增强番茄果实的抗氧化潜力

吃富含天然抗氧化剂的水果和蔬菜可以大大促进人类健康，并有助于抵抗与氧化应激有关的疾病。氢气具有独特的抗氧化作用。然而，其低溶解度和快速扩散限制了其在农业中的应用。氢与纳米气泡技术的结合可以解决这些问题。然而，作物对氢纳米气泡的生理适应和响应机制仍知之甚少。与地下水和氧气纳米气泡水相比，氢气纳米气泡水滴灌番茄果实中番茄红素、抗坏血酸、类黄酮和白藜芦醇的抗氧化浓度分别增加了16.3-264.8%和2.2-19.8%。结合转录组学和代谢组学分析来研究与对照不同的调节机制。全面的多组学分析揭示了负责激素控制的基因、氢化酶基因和抗氧化剂必要的合成代谢物的丰度差异，这有助于阐明观察到的抗氧化剂的改善。这是氢纳米气泡水灌溉增加水果中众多天然抗氧化成分的首例。考虑到氢的特性以及纳米气泡技术在农业中的应用，本研究的结果有助于了解氢对生物过程的潜在影响以及对植物生长发育的作用机制。