The presence of antibiotics in aquatic systems poses a significant risk to both the ecological balance and human health. To address this issue, the development of advanced photocatalytic materials capable of efficiently treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater is imperative. In this investigation, we successfully synthesized nitrogen–phosphorus co-doped carbon dots (NPCDs) modified (001) TiO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x composites via a series of uncomplicated hydrothermal reactions, ensuring visible light responsivity. Comprehensive characterization of the composite photocatalysts was conducted using XRD, FT-IR, N₂ adsorption, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis DRS, and PL techniques. Subsequently, the photocatalytic performance was assessed through the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and ceftiofur sodium solutions under visible light irradiation. The optimized composites exhibited remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 93.4% and 75.5% for TC and ceftiofur sodium, respectively, under visible light, following quasi-primary kinetic behavior. Reactive free radical capture experiments highlighted the predominant roles of ˙O₂⁻ and ˙OH species in the photocatalytic degradation process. Additionally, we proposed plausible mechanisms governing photocatalytic degradation based on the obtained results. The heightened photocatalytic reactivity arises from the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons through the NPCDs → TiO₂ →Ti₃C₂T_x pathway, a mechanism that effectively facilitates the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers.

中文翻译：

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氮磷共掺杂碳点修饰2D/2D (001)TiO2/Ti3C2TX异质结构用于高效光催化降解水中抗生素

水生系统中抗生素的存在对生态平衡和人类健康构成重大风险。为了解决这个问题，开发能够有效处理抗生素污染废水的先进光催化材料势在必行。在本研究中，我们通过一系列简单的水热反应成功合成了氮磷共掺杂碳点（NPCD）修饰的（001）TiO ₂ /Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x复合材料，确保了可见光响应性。使用 XRD、FT-IR、N ₂吸附、SEM、TEM、XPS、UV-Vis DRS 和 PL 技术对复合光催化剂进行了全面表征。随后，通过在可见光照射下降解四环素盐酸盐（TC）和头孢噻呋钠溶液来评估光催化性能。优化后的复合材料在可见光下表现出显着的光催化降解效率，TC 和头孢噻呋钠分别为 93.4% 和 75.5%，遵循准一级动力学行为。反应性自由基捕获实验强调了 ˙O ₂ ^-和 ˙OH 物种在光催化降解过程中的主要作用。此外，我们根据所获得的结果提出了控制光催化降解的合理机制。光催化反应活性的提高源于光生电子通过NPCDs → TiO ₂ →Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x途径的有效转移，这种机制有效促进了光生电荷载流子的分离和转移。