Cancer is the most challenging health complication worldwide. Scientific society has tried to decode its complications and is developing a smart solution for mankind. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emerging frontier in cancer research. EVs provide fresh insight into the understanding of cancer and are released from all the active cells. EVs are classified into some major classes, such as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Exosomes are among the most exciting tools in current cancer research as they work as cellular messengers (which reflects the cell’s healthy or pathological conditional status). In the tumor microenvironment, they regulate several complicated events such as uncontrolled cell growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, metastasis, organ-specific metastasis, drug and therapeutic resistance, and cancer stem cell development. Exosomes are also a source of promising cancer biomarkers involved in both diagnosis and prognosis and also performs a therapeutic role. Exosomes-based cancer nanomedicine which is application of nanosize vesicles in theranostics and sensor orientation, supports in overcoming several cancer management limitations, such as early diagnosis and therapeutics as they are specific, effective, and affordable. In this review, we have highlighted the integration of exosomes and nanotechnology which is a cutting-edge approach in precision oncology.

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外泌体与纳米技术的融合：尖端癌症治疗学

癌症是全球最具挑战性的健康并发症。科学界试图破解其复杂性，并正在为人类开发一种智能解决方案。细胞外囊泡（EV）是癌症研究的新兴前沿。 EV 为了解癌症提供了新的见解，并且由所有活性细胞释放。 EVs 分为一些主要类别，例如凋亡小体、微泡和外泌体。外泌体是当前癌症研究中最令人兴奋的工具之一，因为它们作为细胞信使（反映细胞的健康或病理条件状态）。在肿瘤微环境中，它们调节一些复杂的事件，例如不受控制的细胞生长、免疫抑制、血管生成、细胞外基质重塑、转移、器官特异性转移、药物和治疗耐药性以及癌症干细胞发育。外泌体也是一种有前途的癌症生物标志物的来源，涉及诊断和预后，并发挥治疗作用。基于外泌体的癌症纳米医学是纳米尺寸囊泡在治疗诊断和传感器方向中的应用，有助于克服一些癌症管理的局限性，例如早期诊断和治疗，因为它们特异性、有效且价格实惠。在这篇综述中，我们强调了外泌体和纳米技术的整合，这是精准肿瘤学的前沿方法。