In this study, the beneficial effects of EPA in ethyl esters (EE) and triacylglycerides (TAG) forms on high fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were studied and compared. Results indicated that both EPA-TAG and EPA-EE can alleviate pathological features of NAFLD, such as hepatic lipid accumulation and lobular inflammation, with a more pronounced protective effects observed in EPA-TAG treated mice. The integrated hepatic transcriptomic, metabolic and gut microbiota profiles suggest that EPA-TAG and EPA-EE improved hepatic steatosis by suppression of food intake and lipogenesis, promotion of lipid and phospholipid PUFA remodeling, ketogenesis and fatty acids oxidation, possibly via activating the AMPK/adipocytokine signaling pathway. The protective effect of EPA was also associated with the regulation of intestinal flora structure. In general, EPA-TAG was found to be more effective than EPA-EE in preventing HFD-induced NAFLD by reducing appetite, improving hepatic lipid metabolism, increasing energy expenditure, and enhancing gut-liver cross-talk.

中文翻译：

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EPA 甘油三酯和乙酯形式对非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠肝脂代谢的影响


在这项研究中，研究并比较了乙酯 (EE) 和三酰甘油酯 (TAG) 形式的 EPA 对高脂饮食 (HFD) 诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝 (NAFLD) 的有益作用。结果表明，EPA-TAG和EPA-EE均可减轻NAFLD的病理特征，例如肝脏脂质堆积和小叶炎症，并且在EPA-TAG治疗的小鼠中观察到更明显的保护作用。综合的肝脏转录组、代谢和肠道微生物群概况表明，EPA-TAG和EPA-EE可能通过抑制食物摄入和脂肪生成、促进脂质和磷脂PUFA重塑、生酮和脂肪酸氧化来改善肝脏脂肪变性，这可能是通过激活AMPK/脂肪细胞因子信号通路。 EPA的保护作用还与肠道菌群结构的调节有关。总的来说，EPA-TAG 被发现比 EPA-EE 通过降低食欲、改善肝脏脂质代谢、增加能量消耗和增强肠道-肝脏相互作用来预防 HFD 诱导的 NAFLD 更有效。