The cell wall (CW) is the dynamic structure of a plant cell, acting as a barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. In grape berries, the modifications of pulp and skin CW during softening ensure flexibility during cell expansion and determine the final berry texture. In addition, the CW of grape berry skin is of fundamental importance for winemaking, controlling secondary metabolite extractability. Grapevine varieties with contrasting CW characteristics generally respond differently to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context of climate change, it is important to investigate the CW dynamics occurring upon different stresses, to define new adaptation strategies. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying CW modifications during grapevine berry fruit ripening, plant-pathogen interaction, or in response to environmental stresses, also considering the most recently published transcriptomic data. Furthermore, perspectives of new biotechnological approaches aiming at modifying the CW properties based on other crops’ examples are also presented.

细胞壁（CW）是植物细胞的动态结构，充当生物和非生物胁迫的屏障。在葡萄浆果中，软化过程中果肉和果皮 CW 的变化确保了细胞扩张过程中的灵活性，并决定了最终的浆果质地。此外，葡萄浆果皮的 CW 对于酿酒至关重要，可控制次生代谢物的可提取性。具有对比 CW 特征的葡萄品种通常对生物和非生物胁迫的反应不同。在气候变化的背景下，研究不同胁迫下发生的化学武器动态，以确定新的适应策略非常重要。这篇综述总结了葡萄浆果成熟过程中、植物与病原体相互作用或响应环境胁迫期间 CW 修饰的分子机制，并考虑了最近发表的转录组数据。此外，还提出了基于其他作物实例的旨在改变 CW 特性的新生物技术方法的观点。