Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used in medical, electronic, energy, and agricultural applications due to their unique properties that often arise due to the high surface area-to-volume ratio. However, this characteristic along with the high reactivity of NPs make these materials highly dynamic in environmental settings. Thus, several transformations can take place when these materials enter the environment that determines their transport, toxicity, and fate of them in our environment. These transformations, and more specifically oxidative dissolution and sulfidation, are directly impacted by the characteristics that a NP has in addition to the surrounding environmental conditions. Therefore, this review aims to summarize how NP characteristics (size, coatings, etc.) and other important environmentally relevant conditions (oxic/anoxic waters, natural organic matter, etc.) impact the oxidative dissolution and sulfidation of several metal and metal oxide NPs. The impact of these factors is crucial to understanding and predicting the environmental risks of these materials in a wide range of applications.

中文翻译：

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环境中特定纳米颗粒的氧化溶解和硫化综述：对应用的影响

纳米颗粒（NP）由于其高表面积与体积比而具有独特的性质，因此越来越多地用于医疗、电子、能源和农业应用。然而，这种特性加上纳米粒子的高反应性使得这些材料在环境环境中具有高度动态性。因此，当这些材料进入环境时，可能会发生多种转变，从而决定它们的运输、毒性以及它们在我们环境中的命运。这些转变，更具体地说是氧化溶解和硫化，除了周围环境条件外，还直接受到纳米粒子所具有的特性的影响。因此，本综述旨在总结纳米颗粒特性（尺寸、涂层等）和其他重要的环境相关条件（含氧/缺氧水、天然有机物等）如何影响几种金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒的氧化溶解和硫化。这些因素的影响对于理解和预测这些材料在广泛应用中的环境风险至关重要。