Wound healing involves distinct phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, which is a complex and dynamic process. Conventional preparations often fail to meet multiple demands and provide prompt information about wound status. Here, a pH/ROS dual-responsive hydrogel (OHA-PP@-CA@EGF) was constructed based on oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), phenylboronic acid-grafted ε-polylysine (PP), chlorogenic acid (CA)-loaded ZIF-8 (Z-CA), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), which possesses intrinsic antibacterial, antioxidant, and angiogenic capacities. Due to the Schiff base and Phenylboronate ester bonds, the hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties, strong adhesion, good biodegradability, high biocompatibility, stable rheological properties, and self-healing ability. Moreover, introducing -CA as an initiator and nanofiller led to the additional cross-linking of hydrogel through coordination bonds, which further improved the mechanical properties and antioxidant capabilities. Bleeding models of liver and tail amputations demonstrated rapid hemostatic properties of the hydrogel. Besides, the hydrogel regulated macrophage phenotypes the NF-κB/JAK-STAT pathways, relieved oxidative stress, promoted cell migration and angiogenesis, and accelerated diabetic wound healing. The hydrogel also enabled real-time monitoring of the wound healing stages by colorimetric detection. This multifunctional hydrogel opens new avenues for the treatment and management of full-thickness diabetic wounds.

中文翻译：

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用负载绿原酸的纳米复合水凝胶调节巨噬细胞表型以加速伤口愈合

伤口愈合涉及不同的阶段，包括止血、炎症、增殖和重塑，这是一个复杂且动态的过程。传统的准备工作往往无法满足多种需求并无法提供有关伤口状态的及时信息。在这里，基于氧化透明质酸（OHA）、苯基硼酸接枝ε-聚赖氨酸（PP）、负载绿原酸（CA）的ZIF构建了pH/ROS双响应水凝胶（OHA-PP@-CA@EGF） -8 (Z-CA) 和表皮生长因子 (EGF)，具有内在的抗菌、抗氧化和血管生成能力。由于希夫碱和苯基硼酸酯键的存在，该水凝胶表现出优异的力学性能、强粘附性、良好的生物降解性、高生物相容性、稳定的流变性能和自修复能力。此外，引入-CA作为引发剂和纳米填料，导致水凝胶通过配位键额外交联，进一步提高了机械性能和抗氧化能力。肝脏和尾部截肢的出血模型证明了水凝胶的快速止血特性。此外，水凝胶还调节巨噬细胞表型NF-κB/JAK-STAT通路，缓解氧化应激，促进细胞迁移和血管生成，加速糖尿病伤口愈合。水凝胶还可以通过比色检测实时监测伤口愈合阶段。这种多功能水凝胶为治疗和管理全层糖尿病伤口开辟了新途径。