Envenomation by terrestrial toxic animals is considered a serious risk to human health worldwide. Snakes, hymenopterans, spiders, and scorpions have mainly attracted the attention of medical literature. However, the relative importance of spiders has been studied only in a few countries. Here, we present the first retrospective study on the incidence of spider bites requiring hospital care in Spain, compared to bites or stings from snakes, hymenopterans, and scorpions. Using ICD9MC and ICD10 databases from the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases for the period 1997–2020, we quantified the cases of envenomation by spiders, compared to those by other terrestrial toxic animals, the demographic data of envenomation cases, the relative severity of spider bites, and the geographic distribution of envenomation cases. Overall, the incidence of acute intoxication by terrestrial toxic animals in Spain was ca. 1.23 cases per million inhabitants. In decreasing order of importance, cases were due to snakes, hymenopterans, spiders, scorpions, and myriapods. Fatal cases were extremely rare, caused mainly by hymenopterans. No fatalities were caused by spiders, scorpions, and myriapods. A greater incidence of snake bites occurred in northern Spain, but no geographical trends were found for spider bites or scorpion stings. Severe poisoning or life-threatening cases due to bites or stings from toxic terrestrial animals in Spain seems to be very low, especially for spiders, compared to other countries in the world. In general, spiders do not present a risk to human health and should not be considered a major driver of morbidity.

中文翻译：

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1997-2020 年西班牙蜘蛛咬伤的医学重要性比较：基于使用 ICD 编码的医院病例的回顾性研究

陆生有毒动物的毒害被认为对全世界人类健康构成严重威胁。蛇、膜翅目动物、蜘蛛和蝎子主要引起了医学文献的关注。然而，只有少数国家对蜘蛛的相对重要性进行了研究。在此，我们对西班牙需要住院治疗的蜘蛛咬伤发生率与蛇、膜翅目动物和蝎子的咬伤或蜇伤进行比较，提出了第一项回顾性研究。使用世界卫生组织国际疾病分类 1997-2020 年期间的 ICD9MC 和 ICD10 数据库，我们量化了蜘蛛中毒的病例（与其他陆生有毒动物相比）、中毒病例的人口统计数据、蜘蛛中毒的相对严重程度。蜘蛛咬伤以及中毒病例的地理分布。总体而言，西班牙陆生有毒动物急性中毒的发生率约为。每百万居民 1.23 例。按重要性降序排列，病例由蛇、膜翅目动物、蜘蛛、蝎子和多足动物引起。死亡病例极为罕见，主要由膜翅目昆虫引起。蜘蛛、蝎子和多足类动物没有造成死亡。西班牙北部的蛇咬伤发生率较高，但没有发现蜘蛛咬伤或蝎子蜇伤的地理趋势。与世界其他国家相比，西班牙因有毒陆生动物咬伤或蜇伤而导致的严重中毒或危及生命的病例似乎非常低，尤其是蜘蛛。一般来说，蜘蛛不会对人类健康构成风险，不应被视为发病的主要驱动因素。