Mistletoe is an evergreen woody shrub with stems measuring 30–100 cm. It has leathery, yellowish-green strap-shaped leaves, yellowish-green flowers, and bears typical berries. The most common species is Viscum album L., mainly present in Europe and Asia. It is commonly known as European mistletoe or simply, mistletoe. Scientific interest in mistletoe was awakened in the XX century. Mistletoe, especially V. album L., has historically been used in the treatment and prophylaxis of CVD, with its properties being confirmed in recent studies. This mini-review describes new aspects of the cardioprotective properties of various species of mistletoe, especially V. album L. The effect of oral and subcutaneous application of fresh V. album L. extracts on blood pressure has been studied in various models; while the data suggests that mistletoe may be a promising herbal extract with cardioprotective properties, the species has only been tested in vitro and in vivo, on animals. In addition, it is unclear whether the cardioprotective activity of mistletoe may be due to particular chemical components, as the chemical composition of mistletoe extracts can vary depending on inter alia the time of harvest, extraction method and plant part. Hence, this activity may instead result from synergistic interactions between various secondary metabolites. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms of action of mistletoe compounds on CVDs, and determine their interactions with other cardioprotective drugs, their metabolic mechanisms, pharamacokinetics and adverse effects. More research is also needed to determine the therapeutic doses of active ingredients for use in clinical trials; this would require an accurate understanding of the chemical composition of extracts from different species of mistletoe (not only V. album L.) and from various host trees.

中文翻译：

---

选定种类槲寄生的心脏保护潜力

槲寄生是一种常绿木本灌木，茎高30-100厘米。它有革质、黄绿色带状的叶子、黄绿色的花，并结出典型的浆果。最常见的物种是槲寄生专辑L.，主要分布在欧洲和亚洲。它通常被称为欧洲槲寄生或简称为槲寄生。对槲寄生的科学兴趣在二十世纪被唤醒。尤其是槲寄生五、专辑L.，历史上一直用于治疗和预防 CVD，其特性在最近的研究中得到证实。这篇迷你评论描述了各种槲寄生的心脏保护特性的新方面，特别是五、专辑L.口服和皮下应用新鲜的效果五、专辑L. 提取物对血压的影响已在各种模型中进行了研究；虽然数据表明槲寄生可能是一种有前途的具有心脏保护特性的草药提取物，但该物种仅经过测试体外和体内，关于动物。此外，目前尚不清楚槲寄生的心脏保护活性是否可能归因于特定的化学成分，因为槲寄生提取物的化学成分可能会根据不同的条件而变化。除其他外收获时间、提取方法和植物部位。因此，这种活性可能是由各种次级代谢物之间的协同相互作用产生的。因此，需要进一步研究以确定槲寄生化合物对心血管疾病的作用机制，并确定其与其他心脏保护药物的相互作用、代谢机制、药代动力学和不良反应。还需要更多的研究来确定临床试验中使用的活性成分的治疗剂量；这需要准确了解不同种类槲寄生提取物的化学成分（不仅五、专辑L.) 和来自各种寄主树。