Designing nanocomposite hydrogels with oriented nanosheets has emerged as a promising toolkit to achieve preferential performances that go beyond their disordered counterparts. Although current fabrication strategies via electric/magnetic force fields have made remarkable achievements, they necessitate special properties of nanosheets and suffer from an inferior orientation degree of nanosheets. Herein, a facile and universal approach is discovered to elaborate MXene-based nanocomposite hydrogels with highly oriented, heterogeneous architecture by virtue of supergravity to replace conventional force fields. The key to such architecture is to leverage bidirectional, force-tunable attributes of supergravity containing coupled orthogonal shear and centrifugal force field for steering high-efficient movement, pre-orientation, and stacking of MXene nanosheets in the bottom. Such a synergetic effect allows for yielding heterogeneous nanocomposite hydrogels with a high-orientation MXene-rich layer (orientation degree, f = 0.83) and a polymer-rich layer. The authors demonstrate that MXene-based nanocomposite hydrogels leverage their high-orientation, heterogeneous architecture to deliver an extraordinary electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 55.2 dB at 12.4 GHz yet using a super-low MXene of 0.3 wt%, surpassing most hydrogels-based electromagnetic shielding materials. This versatile supergravity-steered strategy can be further extended to arbitrary nanosheets including MoS₂, GO, and C₃N₄, offering a paradigm in the development of oriented nanocomposites.

中文翻译：

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具有高度定向、异质结构的纳米片嵌入纳米复合水凝胶的超重力引导通用制造

用定向纳米片设计纳米复合水凝胶已成为一种有前景的工具包，可以实现超越无序水凝胶的优先性能。尽管目前通过电/磁力场的制造策略已经取得了显着的成就，但它们需要纳米片的特殊性能，并且纳米片的取向度较差。在此，发现了一种简便且通用的方法，可以利用超重力来制作具有高度定向、异质结构的基于 MXene 的纳米复合水凝胶，以取代传统的力场。这种架构的关键是利用超重力的双向、力可调属性，包含耦合的正交剪切和离心力场，以引导 MXene 纳米片在底部的高效运动、预定向和堆叠。这种协同效应可以产生具有高取向富含 MXene 层（取向度，f = 0.83）和富含聚合物层的异质纳米复合水凝胶。作者证明，基于 MXene 的纳米复合水凝胶利用其高取向、异质结构，在 12.4 GHz 下提供 55.2 dB 的非凡电磁干扰屏蔽效能，同时使用 0.3 wt% 的超低 MXene，超越了大多数基于水凝胶的电磁屏蔽材料。这种多功能的超重力引导策略可以进一步扩展到任意纳米片，包括MoS ₂、GO和C ₃ N ₄，为定向纳米复合材料的开发提供了范例。