Nitrogenous waste is a global concern in aquatic ecosystems. In the shrimp farming system, feeding is the main input of nitrogen, which leads to the accumulation of nitrogenous waste, such as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. Nitrogen cycling is crucial for nitrogenous waste removal and for the stability of the aquaculture system. Under the action of different functional microorganisms, a variety of nitrogen cycling pathways can be used for the transformation and removal of nitrogenous waste. Understanding the complexity of the nitrogen cycle is necessary for improving the aquaculture environment. This review examines the many components and mechanisms involved in the nitrogen cycle in shrimp farming system, including nitrification, denitrification, anammox, heterotrophic assimilation, and autotrophic assimilation. Because of the difference in aquaculture characteristics, nitrogen cycling pathways in different shrimp culture modes are diverse. The current application of the nitrogen cycle in shrimp farming system, including the outdoor pond mode and indoor industrialized mode, was presented in combination with the requirements for dissolved oxygen (DO), organic matter, carbon–nitrogen ratio, light, and other environmental factors. Overall, nitrification, heterotrophic assimilation, autotrophic assimilation, and heterotrophic denitrification are the main nitrogen cycle processes in the shrimp culture system. According to the characteristics of aquaculture modes and microorganisms, utilizing different nitrogen cycle processes can enhance the efficiency of the nitrogen cycle, facilitate the elimination of nitrogenous waste, optimize the aquaculture water environment, and improve overall aquaculture benefits.

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氮循环过程及在不同对虾养殖模式中的应用

氮废物是水生生态系统中全球关注的问题。在对虾养殖系统中，投喂是氮的主要输入，导致氨、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐等含氮废物的积累。氮循环对于含氮废物的去除和水产养殖系统的稳定性至关重要。在不同功能微生物的作用下，可以通过多种氮循环途径进行含氮废物的转化和去除。了解氮循环的复杂性对于改善水产养殖环境是必要的。本综述探讨了对虾养殖系统中氮循环涉及的许多组成部分和机制，包括硝化、反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、异养同化和自养同化。由于养殖特性的差异，不同对虾养殖模式的氮循环途径也存在差异。结合对溶解氧（DO）、有机质、碳氮比、光照等环境因素的要求，介绍了氮循环在对虾养殖系统中的应用现状，包括室外池塘模式和室内工厂化模式。 。总体而言，硝化、异养同化、自养同化和异养反硝化是对虾养殖系统中主要的氮循环过程。根据水产养殖模式和微生物的特点，采用不同的氮循环工艺，可以提高氮循环效率，有利于氮废物的消除，优化水产养殖水环境，提高水产养殖综合效益。