Iodine is a micronutrient required for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and neurodevelopment. Iodine deficiency among adolescents and young adults is a major global health issue. We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database to calculate the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates of iodine deficiency among adolescents and young adults. We explored the specific year with the most substantial changes in the trends of iodine deficiency among adolescents with annual percentage change (APC) by Joinpoint Regression analysis. Descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the iodine deficiency burden according to age, sex, location, and sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles. All measures are listed with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), and all rates are reported per 100,000 individuals. From 1990 to 2019, the iodine deficiency prevalence rate among adolescents decreased from 3082.43 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 2473.01–3855.86) to 2190.84 (95% [UI], 1729.18–2776.16) per 100,000 population, with an AAPC of -1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.29 to -1.02). Regarding the SDI in 2019, the highest prevalence and DALY rates of iodine deficiency were reported in low-SDI countries. In 1990, Southeast Asia had the highest prevalence and DALYs rates for iodine deficiency among adolescents, while in 2019, Africa had the highest prevalence rate (3330.12).

Conclusion: Globally, the iodine deficiency burden among adolescents has substantially decreased since 1990; however, low-SDI countries still bear a great burden. Implementation measures and monitoring systems should be strengthened to reduce the iodine deficiency burden, especially among adolescents.

碘是产生甲状腺激素所需的微量营养素，甲状腺激素调节新陈代谢、生长和神经发育。青少年和年轻人的碘缺乏是一个重大的全球健康问题。我们分析了 2019 年全球疾病负担数据库的数据，计算青少年和年轻人碘缺乏的患病率、发病率和伤残调整生命年 (DALY) 率。我们通过Joinpoint回归分析，通过年度百分比变化（APC）探讨了青少年碘缺乏趋势变化最大的具体年份。根据年龄、性别、地点和社会人口指数（SDI）五分位数进行描述性分析，以描述碘缺乏负担的特征。所有指标均以 95% 的不确定性区间 (UI) 列出，所有比率均按每 100,000 人报告。 1990年至2019年，青少年碘缺乏患病率从每10万人3082.43（95%不确定区间[UI]，2473.01–3855.86）下降到2190.84（95%[UI]，1729.18–2776.16），AAPC为- 1.15（95% 置信区间 [CI]，-1.29 至 -1.02）。关于 2019 年的 SDI，低 SDI 国家的碘缺乏患病率和 DALY 率最高。 1990年，东南亚青少年碘缺乏患病率和DALY率最高，而2019年，非洲患病率最高（3330.12）。

结论：自 1990 年以来，全球青少年碘缺乏负担大幅下降；然而，低SDI国家仍然承受着巨大的负担。应加强实施措施和监测系统，以减轻碘缺乏负担，特别是青少年的碘缺乏负担。