SUMMARYMoving from sole cropping to intercropping is a transformative change in agriculture, contributing to yield. Soybeans adapt to light conditions in intercropping by adjusting the onset of reproduction and the inflorescence architecture to optimize reproductive success. Maize–soybean strip intercropping (MS), maize–soybean relay strip intercropping (IS), and sole soybean (SS) systems are typical soybean planting systems with significant differences in light environments during growth periods. To elucidate the effect of changes in the light environment on soybean flowering processes and provide a theoretical basis for selecting suitable varieties in various planting systems to improve yields, field experiments combining planting systems (IS, MS, and SS) and soybean varieties (GQ8, GX7, ND25, and NN996) were conducted in 2021 and 2022. Results showed that growth recovery in the IS resulted in a balance in the expression of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the meristematic tissues of soybeans, which promoted the formation of new branches or flowers. IS prolonged the flowering time (2–7 days) and increased the number of forming flowers compared with SS (93.0 and 169%) and MS (67.3 and 103.3%) at the later soybean flowering stage. The higher carbon and nitrogen content in the middle and bottom canopies of soybean contributed to decreased flower abscission by 26.7 and 30.2%, respectively, compared with SS. Canopy light environment recovery promoted branch and flower formation and transformation of flowers into pods with lower flower‐pod abscission, which contributed to elevating soybean yields in late‐maturing and multibranching varieties (ND25) in IS.

中文翻译：

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玉米收获后的光恢复促进玉米-大豆套作系统中大豆开花

摘要从单作转向间作是农业的一次变革，有助于提高产量。大豆通过调整繁殖开始和花序结构来适应间作的光照条件，以优化繁殖成功率。玉米-大豆条带间作(MS)、玉米-大豆套作(IS)和大豆单作(SS)系统是典型的大豆种植系统，生长期的光环境差异显着。为阐明光环境变化对大豆开花过程的影响，为不同种植制度选择合适品种提高产量提供理论依据，结合种植制度（IS、MS、SS）和大豆品种（GQ8、GQ8）进行田间试验。 GX7、ND25 和 NN996）于 2021 年和 2022 年进行。结果表明，IS 的生长恢复导致大豆分生组织中 TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) 和 FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) 的表达达到平衡，促进新枝或花的形成。在大豆开花后期，与SS（93.0和169%）和MS（67.3和103.3%）相比，IS延长了开花时间（2-7天），并增加了成花数量。与SS相比，大豆冠层中部和底部较高的碳和氮含量导致花脱落分别减少26.7%和30.2%。冠层光环境恢复促进了分枝和花朵的形成以及花向豆荚的转化，花荚脱落率较低，这有助于提高IS中晚熟多分枝品种（ND25）的大豆产量。