Mechanical stress stands as a fundamental factor in the intricate processes governing the growth, development, morphological shaping, and maintenance of skeletal mass. The profound influence of stress in shaping the skeletal framework prompts the assertion that stress essentially births the skeleton. Despite this acknowledgment, the mechanisms by which the skeleton perceives and responds to mechanical stress remain enigmatic. In this comprehensive review, our scrutiny focuses on the structural composition and characteristics of sclerotin, leading us to posit that it serves as the primary structure within the skeleton responsible for bearing and perceiving mechanical stress. Furthermore, we propose that osteocytes within the sclerotin emerge as the principal mechanical-sensitive cells, finely attuned to perceive mechanical stress. And a detailed analysis was conducted on the possible transmission pathways of mechanical stress from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus.

中文翻译：

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骨骼对机械应力的感知和反应

机械应力是控制骨骼质量生长、发育、形态塑造和维持的复杂过程中的基本因素。压力对塑造骨骼框架的深远影响促使人们断言压力本质上是骨骼的诞生。尽管承认这一点，但骨骼感知和响应机械应力的机制仍然是个谜。在这篇全面的综述中，我们的审查重点是骨质的结构组成和特征，使我们认为它是骨骼内负责承受和感知机械应力的主要结构。此外，我们认为骨质内的骨细胞是主要的机械敏感细胞，可以很好地调节以感知机械应力。并对机械应力从细胞外基质到细胞核可能的传递途径进行了详细分析。