Common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety are prevalent globally, and rates are especially high in New York City (NYC) since the COVID-19 pandemic. Neighborhood social and physical environments have been found to influence mental health. We investigated the impact of neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood rodent sightings (as an indicator of neighborhood cleanliness) on nonspecific serious psychological distress (NSPD) status using 2020 NYC Community Health Survey data from 8781 NYC residents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationships among social cohesion, rodent sightings, and NSPD adjusted for confounders and complex sampling and weighted to the NYC population. Effect measure modification of rodent sightings on the effect of social cohesion on NSPD was evaluated on the multiplicative scale by adding the interaction term to the multivariable model and, if significant, stratifying on the effect modifier, and on the additive scale using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Social cohesion was found to decrease the odds of NSPD, and rodent sightings were found to increase the odds of NSPD. We found significant evidence of effect measure modification on the multiplicative scale. In the stratified models, there was a protective effect of social cohesion against NSPD among those not reporting rodent sightings, but no effect among those reporting rodent sightings. Our findings suggest that both neighborhood social cohesion and rodent sightings impact the mental health of New Yorkers and that rodent infestations may diminish the benefit of neighborhood social cohesion.

抑郁症和焦虑症等常见精神疾病在全球范围内普遍存在，自 COVID-19 大流行以来，纽约市 (NYC) 的发病率尤其高。研究发现，邻里的社会和物质环境会影响心理健康。我们使用来自 8781 名纽约市居民的 2020 年纽约市社区健康调查数据，调查了社区社会凝聚力和社区啮齿动物目击事件（作为社区清洁度的指标）对非特异性严重心理困扰 (NSPD) 状态的影响。使用多变量逻辑回归来评估社会凝聚力、啮齿动物目击事件和 NSPD 之间的关系，并根据混杂因素和复杂抽样进行调整，并根据纽约市人口进行加权。通过将交互作用项添加到多变量模型中，在乘法尺度上评估啮齿动物目击事件对社会凝聚力对 NSPD 影响的影响测量修改，如果显着，则在效果修正上进行分层，并使用相对超额风险在加性尺度上进行评估由于相互作用（RERI）。研究发现，社会凝聚力会降低 NSPD 的几率，而啮齿动物的目击会增加 NSPD 的几率。我们发现了乘法尺度上效果测量修改的重要证据。在分层模型中，对于那些未报告啮齿动物目击事件的人来说，社会凝聚力对 NSPD 具有保护作用，但对于那些报告啮齿动物目击事件的人则没有效果。我们的研究结果表明，社区社会凝聚力和啮齿动物目击事件都会影响纽约人的心理健康，而啮齿动物的侵扰可能会削弱社区社会凝聚力的好处。