Carbon dioxide (CO₂), an archetypal greenhouse gas, can be transformed into valuable fuels through photocatalysis, presenting an auspicious avenue for combating global climate change and energy crisis. While halide perovskites have sparked substantial research interest, concerns over lead toxicity have spurred exploration of their lead-free counterparts for CO₂ photoreduction. This comprehensive Review navigates through the fundamentals of CO₂ reduction, delving into the basic principles, mechanisms, and relevant operando techniques. It then introduces the diverse structures of lead-free halide perovskites (LFHPs), synthesis methodologies, and intrinsic properties that render them suitable for CO₂ photoreduction. Subsequently, the Review unfolds their application and modification strategies for light-driven CO₂ conversion, highlighting their breakthroughs and shedding light on their potential mechanisms. Finally, the current challenges and strategies to tailor LFHPs for robust photocatalytic CO₂ reduction are critically discussed, offering insights for future research in this realm. This Review aims to illuminate the path toward sustainable photocatalysis, bridging knowledge gaps and inspiring innovations for a greener and carbon-neutral tomorrow.

中文翻译：

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钙钛矿范式转变：光催化二氧化碳减排中无铅替代品的绿色革命

二氧化碳（CO ₂）是一种典型的温室气体，可以通过光催化转化为有价值的燃料，为应对全球气候变化和能源危机提供了一条有利途径。虽然卤化物钙钛矿引起了人们的广泛研究兴趣，但对铅毒性的担忧促使人们探索用于 CO ₂光还原的无铅对应物。这篇全面的综述介绍了 CO ₂减排的基本原理，深入探讨了基本原理、机制和相关操作技术。然后介绍了无铅卤化物钙钛矿 (LFHP) 的不同结构、合成方法以及使其适合 CO ₂光还原的内在特性。随后，该综述展示了他们在光驱动CO ₂转化方面的应用和修改策略，强调了他们的突破并揭示了他们的潜在机制。最后，批判性地讨论了当前定制 LFHP 以实现强大的光催化 CO ₂还原的挑战和策略，为该领域的未来研究提供了见解。本综述旨在阐明可持续光催化的道路，缩小知识差距并激发创新，以实现更绿色和碳中和的明天。