Many plant species are grown to enable access to specific organs or tissues, such as seeds, fruits, or stems. In some cases, a value is associated with a molecule that accumulates in a single type of cell. Domestication and subsequent breeding have often increased the yields of these target products by increasing the size, number, and quality of harvested organs and tissues but also via changes to overall plant growth architecture to suit large-scale cultivation. Many of the mutations that underlie these changes have been identified in key regulators of cellular identity and function. As key determinants of yield, these regulators are key targets for synthetic biology approaches to engineer new forms and functions. However, our understanding of many plant developmental programs and cell-type specific functions is still incomplete. In this Perspective, we discuss how advances in cellular genomics together with synthetic biology tools such as biosensors and DNA-recording devices are advancing our understanding of cell-specific programs and cell fates. We then discuss advances and emerging opportunities for cell-type-specific engineering to optimize plant morphology, responses to the environment, and the production of valuable compounds.

中文翻译：

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工程植物细胞命运和农业和工业功能

许多植物物种的种植是为了获取特定的器官或组织，例如种子、果实或茎。在某些情况下，一个值与在单一类型的细胞中积累的分子相关。驯化和随后的育种通常通过增加收获的器官和组织的大小、数量和质量以及通过改变整体植物生长结构以适应大规模种植来提高这些目标产品的产量。这些变化背后的许多突变已在细胞身份和功能的关键调节因子中被发现。作为产量的关键决定因素，这些调节因子是合成生物学方法设计新形式和功能的关键目标。然而，我们对许多植物发育程序和细胞类型特定功能的理解仍然不完整。在本视角中，我们讨论了细胞基因组学的进步以及生物传感器和 DNA 记录设备等合成生物学工具如何促进我们对细胞特异性程序和细胞命运的理解。然后，我们讨论细胞类型特异性工程的进展和新兴机会，以优化植物形态、对环境的响应以及有价值化合物的生产。