In this article, we attempt to assess the vulnerability of European oil-dependent countries, using the Weighted Russell Directional Distance Model, which provides a composite index and allows for the analysis of adjustments in different proportions for the evaluation factors to reduce oil vulnerability. Our empirical findings show heterogeneous degrees of vulnerability to oil across countries due to country-specific characteristics. More precisely, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Sweden, France, the Netherlands, and Spain emerged as the least oil-vulnerable countries. Conversely, Hungary, Poland, and Portugal performed poorly regarding oil supply security. Our productivity analysis indicates that inefficient countries that experienced productivity gains primarily achieved them through technological progress, with the Shannon-Wiener index playing a crucial role. These findings align with the EU's strategy of diversifying supply sources.

中文翻译：

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评估欧洲依赖石油国家的脆弱性

在本文中，我们尝试使用加权罗素方向距离模型来评估欧洲石油依赖国家的脆弱性，该模型提供了一个综合指数，并允许对评估因素进行不同比例的调整分析，以降低石油脆弱性。我们的实证研究结果表明，由于各国的具体特征，各国对石油的脆弱性程度存在差异。更准确地说，斯洛伐克、捷克共和国、瑞典、法国、荷兰和西班牙成为最不受石油影响的国家。相反，匈牙利、波兰和葡萄牙在石油供应安全方面表现不佳。我们的生产率分析表明，效率低下的国家生产率提高主要是通过技术进步实现的，其中香农-维纳指数发挥着至关重要的作用。这些发现符合欧盟供应来源多元化的战略。