The biorefining of sugar-based biomass has attracted increasing attention in response to the continuous depletion of fossil fuel reserves. The key to biorefinery is to choose a suitable way to pretreat lignocellulose to depolymerise lignin, thus releasing cellulose and hemicellulose, and the monosaccharides produced by subsequent enzymatic saccharification can be converted into high value-added compounds by biological or chemical methods, and lignin and its derivatives can also be used in the production of other biopolymers. Currently, numerous scholars have studied and developed processes for lignin depolymerisation. Still, the catalytic depolymerisation of lignin is complex, and the catalytic depolymerisation mechanism and the evolution of the chemical bonding still need to be determined. In this paper, we expect to classify the existing lignin depolymerisation methods and mechanisms reported in the literature and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, as well as review the potential applications and challenges of lignin and its derivatives in the production of biopolymers, with the expectation of providing theoretical and technological support for the research and development of new efficient and stable lignin depolymerisation methods, and contributing to the development of biorefinery technology for lignocellulosic resources.

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木质素解聚方法开发及相关机制研究进展

随着化石燃料储备的不断枯竭，糖基生物质的生物精炼越来越受到人们的关注。生物精炼的关键是选择合适的方法对木质纤维素进行预处理，使木质素解聚，从而释放出纤维素和半纤维素，随后酶法糖化产生的单糖可以通过生物或化学方法转化为高附加值的化合物，木质素及其衍生物还可用于生产其他生物聚合物。目前，众多学者研究并开发了木质素解聚工艺。尽管如此，木质素的催化解聚仍然很复杂，催化解聚机制和化学键的演变仍然需要确定。在本文中，我们期望对文献报道的现有木质素解聚方法和机制进行分类，评估每种技术的优缺点，并回顾木质素及其衍生物在生物聚合物生产中的潜在应用和挑战，期望为新型高效、稳定的木质素解聚方法的研发提供理论和技术支持，为木质纤维素资源生物炼制技术的发展做出贡献。