Currently the advancement of lithium batteries have led to their widespread adoption in cutting-edge applications, with a heightened focus on their stability and safety in extreme environments. Traditional liquid electrolytes present challenges such as flammability, leakage, and limited operating temperature ranges, impeding the progress of electrochemical energy storage devices. Quasi-solid-state electrolytes(QSE) have emerged as a promising solution to overcome these limitations. Hydrogel electrolytes have garnered significant research attention due to their rapid ion conductivity, flexibility, functionality, low cost, and environmental compatibility. However, hydrogel electrolytes still face challenges such as narrow electrochemical window, low mechanical strength, and susceptibility to freezing. Herein, this study introduces a novel “leaf-vein” structured QSE, fabricated by combining a flexible hydrogel (UV in-situ curing) with a robust nanofiber network (electrospinning). The original QSE exhibits flame retardant (30 min non-flammability), broad electrochemical window (4.2 V), freeze resistance (- 60 °C) with 0.25 MPa, and self-healing capabilities. The assembled full battery demonstrates exceptional electrochemical stability at ultra-low temperatures. This distinctive structure of the QSE indicates novel insights and directions for the design and material selection of advanced electrolyte materials, enabling secure applications of electrochemical energy storage in specialized domains particularly deep space and polar exploration.

中文翻译：

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采用先进的宽温阻燃“叶脉”结构功能复合准固态电解质

目前，锂电池的进步已使其在尖端应用中得到广泛采用，人们更加关注其在极端环境下的稳定性和安全性。传统的液体电解质存在易燃、泄漏和有限的工作温度范围等挑战，阻碍了电化学储能设备的进步。准固态电解质（QSE）已成为克服这些限制的有前途的解决方案。水凝胶电解质由于其快速离子传导性、灵活性、功能性、低成本和环境相容性而引起了广泛的研究关注。然而，水凝胶电解质仍然面临电化学窗口窄、机械强度低、易冷冻等挑战。在此，本研究介绍了一种新颖的“叶脉”结构 QSE，它是通过将柔性水凝胶（紫外线原位固化）与坚固的纳米纤维网络（静电纺丝）相结合而制成的。原始 QSE 具有阻燃性（30 分钟不燃性）、宽电化学窗口 (4.2 V)、0.25 MPa 的耐冷冻性 (- 60 °C) 以及自愈能力。组装好的全电池在超低温下表现出卓越的电化学稳定性。 QSE的这种独特结构为先进电解质材料的设计和材料选择指明了新的见解和方向，从而使电化学储能在专门领域（特别是深空和极地探索）中的安全应用成为可能。