BackgroundExtracellular vesicles in human milk are critical in supporting newborn growth and development. Bioavailability of dietary extracellular vesicles may depend on the composition of membrane lipids. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster impact the content of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk phospholipids. This study investigated the relation between variation in FADS1 and FADS2 with the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in extracellular vesicles from human milk.MethodsMilk was obtained from a cohort of mothers (N = 70) at 2–4 weeks of lactation. SNPs in the FADS gene locus were determined using pyrosequencing for rs174546 in FADS1 and rs174575 in FADS2. Quantitative lipidomic analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and extracellular vesicles from human milk was completed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsThe rs174546 and rs174575 genotypes were independent predictors of the arachidonic acid content in extracellular vesicles. The rs174546 genotype also predicted eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in extracellular vesicles. The reduced content of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in extracellular vesicles in human milk may be due to lower fatty acid desaturase activity in mothers who are carriers of the A allele in rs174546 or the G allele in rs174575.ConclusionThe polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of milk extracellular vesicles is predicted by the FADS genotype. These findings yield novel insights regarding extracellular vesicle content and composition that can inform the design of future research to explore how lipid metabolites impact the bioavailability of human milk extracellular vesicles.

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FADS 基因型对母乳细胞外囊泡多不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响：遗传关联研究

背景人乳中的细胞外囊泡对于支持新生儿的生长和发育至关重要。膳食细胞外囊泡的生物利用度可能取决于膜脂的组成。脂肪酸去饱和酶基因簇中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）影响人乳磷脂中长链多不饱和脂肪酸的含量。本研究调查了变化之间的关系FADS1和FADS2方法 母乳取自一组母亲（氮= 70) 在哺乳期 2-4 周。 SNP 位于FADS使用焦磷酸测序法确定 rs174546 的基因位点FADS1和 rs174575 在FADS2。通过气相色谱-质谱法完成母乳和母乳细胞外囊泡中多不饱和脂肪酸的定量脂质组学分析。结果rs174546和rs174575基因型是细胞外囊泡中花生四烯酸含量的独立预测因子。 rs174546基因型还预测细胞外囊泡中存在二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸。母乳细胞外囊泡中长链多不饱和脂肪酸含量降低可能是由于携带rs174546中的A等位基因或rs174575中的G等位基因的母亲的脂肪酸去饱和酶活性较低所致。结论母乳中多不饱和脂肪酸的组成细胞外囊泡的预测是FADS基因型。这些发现产生了关于细胞外囊泡含量和组成的新见解，可以为未来研究的设计提供信息，以探索脂质代谢物如何影响人乳细胞外囊泡的生物利用度。