This article introduces a new pragmatic framework for dual character concepts and their expressions, offering an alternative to the received lexical-semantic view. On the prevalent lexical-semantic view, expressions such as “philosopher” or “scientist” are construed as lexical polysemes, comprising both a descriptive and a normative dimension. Thereby, this view prioritizes established norms, neglecting normative expressions emerging in specific contexts. In contrast, the pragmatic view integrates pragmatic modulation as a central element in explaining context-dependent dual character concepts and expressions. This not only accounts for a wider range of phenomena but also addresses several theoretical shortcomings of the lexical view.

中文翻译：

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双性概念和表达的实用主义观点

本文介绍了双字符概念及其表达的新语用框架，为公认的词汇语义视图提供了替代方案。根据流行的词汇语义观点，诸如“哲学家”或“科学家”之类的表达被解释为词汇多义词，包括描述性维度和规范性维度。因此，这种观点优先考虑既定规范，忽视特定背景下出现的规范表达。相比之下，实用主义观点将实用调整作为解释上下文相关的双重特征概念和表达的核心要素。这不仅解释了更广泛的现象，而且解决了词汇视图的几个理论缺陷。