Chagas disease is an infectious disease of human and animal health concern, with 6–8 million chronic human infections and over 50,000 deaths throughout the Americas annually. Hematophagous insects of the subfamily Triatominae, also called kissing bugs, vector the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae), that causes Chagas disease. Despite the large human health burden, Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease with inadequate funding for research and preventive practices. Given the resource-poor environment of most agencies trying to protect public health, it is critical to consider all control options for reducing vector populations and the risk of human exposure to T. cruzi to identify the most appropriate tools for each context. While numerous triatomine control methods exist, the literature lacks a compilation of the strategies used, a critical examination of their efficiency, and a particular focus on triatomine control in the United States compared to elsewhere in the Americas. Here, we present a review of the literature to assess historical intervention strategies of existing and developing triatomine control methods. For each method, we discuss progress in the field, future research to further advance the method, and limitations. While we found that pyrethroid insecticide is still the most commonly used method of triatomine and Chagas disease control, we suggest that complementing these techniques with alternative control methods in development will help to achieve Chagas disease reduction goals.

中文翻译：

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预防恰加斯病的锥蝽控制范围审查：拉丁美洲和美国当前和正在开发的工具

恰加斯病是一种影响人类和动物健康的传染病，整个美洲每年有 6-800 万人慢性感染，并有超过 50,000 人死亡。锥蝽亚科的食血昆虫（也称为接吻蝽）是导致恰加斯病的原生动物寄生虫克氏锥虫（锥虫目：锥虫科）的媒介。尽管人类健康负担巨大，但南美锥虫病是一种被忽视的热带疾病，研究和预防措施的资金不足。鉴于大多数试图保护公众健康的机构资源匮乏，因此必须考虑减少病媒种群的所有控制方案以及人类接触克氏锥虫的风险，以确定针对每种情况最合适的工具。虽然存在多种锥蝽控制方法，但文献缺乏对所用策略的汇编、对其效率的严格审查，以及与美洲其他地方相比美国对锥蝽控制的特别关注。在这里，我们对文献进行了回顾，以评估现有和正在开发的锥蝽控制方法的历史干预策略。对于每种方法，我们讨论了该领域的进展、进一步推进该方法的未来研究以及局限性。虽然我们发现拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂仍然是锥蝽和恰加斯病控制最常用的方法，但我们建议，用正在开发的替代控制方法补充这些技术将有助于实现减少恰加斯病的目标。