Fluid-based triboelectric nanogenerators (F-TENGs) represent a cutting-edge technology that leverages fluids as a contact medium to harness renewable energy through contact electrification (CE) and electrostatic induction. Noteworthy is their remarkable capacity to convert continuous mechanical energy into electricity from environmental sources such as natural wind, river flow, and raindrops. The review delves into the prominent characteristics of F-TENGs, providing a retrospective analysis of their developmental journey and foundational structure. It critically examines key factors influencing power generation capability and output performance, offering insights into the typical structures of F-TENGs in practical applications. The paper highlights the significant achievements of F-TENGs across diverse domains including agriculture, the Internet of Things, environment, transportation, industry, microfluidics, and life science. Furthermore, it discusses the future development directions of F-TENGs, shedding light on the current challenges they face. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners, offering a comprehensive understanding of F-TENG's capabilities, applications, and avenues for future exploration in the realm of renewable energy and self-sustained sensor technologies.

中文翻译：

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基于流体的摩擦纳米发电机：揭示可再生能源收集及其他领域的丰富前景

基于流体的摩擦纳米发电机（F-TENG）代表了一种尖端技术，利用流体作为接触介质，通过接触起电（CE）和静电感应来利用可再生能源。值得注意的是，它们具有将自然风、河水和雨滴等环境来源的连续机械能转化为电能的卓越能力。该综述深入探讨了 F-TENG 的显着特征，对其发展历程和基础结构进行了回顾性分析。它批判性地研究了影响发电能力和输出性能的关键因素，深入了解了 F-TENG 在实际应用中的典型结构。该论文重点介绍了 F-TENG 在农业、物联网、环境、交通、工业、微流体和生命科学等多个领域取得的重大成就。此外，它还讨论了 F-TENG 的未来发展方向，阐明了它们当前面临的挑战。这篇评论为研究人员、工程师和从业者提供了宝贵的资源，让人们全面了解 F-TENG 的功能、应用以及可再生能源和自持传感器技术领域未来探索的途径。