Metamaterials refer to a class of materials with special properties, whose characteristics mainly come from the microstructures designed artificially. Among them, those metamaterials with tunable shape and mechanical properties under external stimuli provide a new inspiration for the design of the multifunctional structures. This work deals with the three-dimensional (3D) compression-twist lattice metamaterials, studies the surface reconfigurability under external forces, and reveals the torsion-bending coupling (TBC) effect of the special metamaterials. To explain the main characteristics of the TBC effect, the deformation mechanism of the metamaterials is analyzed. Combining the finite element method (FEM) and the spherical fitting algorithm, the relationship between the bending angle and the load of the metamaterials after deformation is analyzed and verified by experiments. Finally, a metamaterial module that could be freely transformed between planar and spherical surfaces is envisaged. A faster and greener solution is proposed for the construction of curved surfaces of engineering structures in the future, which promotes the subsequent applications of metamaterials to engineering practice.

中文翻译：

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用于未来建筑表面可重构性的 3D 压缩扭曲晶格超材料

超材料是指一类具有特殊性能的材料，其特性主要来自于人工设计的微观结构。其中，那些在外部刺激下具有可调形状和力学性能的超材料为多功能结构的设计提供了新的灵感。这项工作涉及三维（3D）压缩扭转晶格超材料，研究外力作用下的表面可重构性，并揭示了特殊超材料的扭转弯曲耦合（TBC）效应。为了解释TBC效应的主要特征，分析了超材料的变形机制。结合有限元法（FEM）和球面拟合算法，对超材料变形后弯曲角度与载荷之间的关系进行了分析和实验验证。最后，设想了一种可以在平面和球面之间自由转换的超材料模块。为未来工程结构曲面的构建提出了更快、更绿色的解决方案，推动了超材料后续在工程实践中的应用。