Cement concrete is a ubiquitous material used extensively in infrastructure worldwide. However, cement concrete would degrade during its long-term service life. The limited real-time detection tools and condition assessment techniques lead to safety risks, and thus shorten the service life of concrete infrastructures and affect their resilience. To address this issue, the development of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs)-based self-sensing cement composites (SSCC) has emerged as a promising solution. SSCC, in the form of cement-based sensors, utilize nanotechnology to enable in-situ monitoring of stress/strain and microcrack development by measuring electrical signal. Compared to traditional embedded sensors for concrete infrastructure structural health monitoring, SSCC offer several advantages, including high sensitivity, natural compatibility, and ease of maintenance. The application of SSCC in infrastructures can enhance their resilience by improving the safety and sustainability of concrete structures. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in CNMs-based SSCC preparation, measurement of sensing signals, self-sensing ability, and typical structural applications in infrastructures. It also discusses the future challenges and opportunities of CNMs-based SSCC in enhancing the resilience of concrete infrastructures, including its potential to contribute to more efficient and effective infrastructure management and maintenance. This review serves as a reference to pave the way towards building cities with high resilience.

中文翻译：

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推进碳纳米材料工程自感知水泥复合材料用于结构健康监测：最先进的综述

水泥混凝土是一种普遍存在的材料，广泛应用于全球基础设施中。然而，水泥混凝土在其长期使用过程中会发生降解。有限的实时检测工具和状态评估技术导致安全风险，从而缩短混凝土基础设施的使用寿命并影响其恢复能力。为了解决这个问题，开发基于碳基纳米材料（CNM）的自感知水泥复合材料（SSCC）已成为一种有前途的解决方案。 SSCC 采用水泥基传感器的形式，利用纳米技术通过测量电信号来现场监测应力/应变和微裂纹的发展。与用于混凝土基础设施结构健康监测的传统嵌入式传感器相比，SSCC 具有多种优点，包括高灵敏度、天然兼容性和易于维护。 SSCC 在基础设施中的应用可以通过提高混凝土结构的安全性和可持续性来增强其弹性。本综述概述了基于 CNM 的 SSCC 制备、传感信号测量、自感知能力以及基础设施中典型结构应用的最新进展。它还讨论了基于 CNM 的 SSCC 在增强混凝土基础设施弹性方面的未来挑战和机遇，包括其促进更高效和有效的基础设施管理和维护的潜力。该评价可为建设高韧性城市提供参考。