Sodium metal anode (SMA) stands out as a compelling choice for future high-energy Na batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. However, its widespread application is severely impeded by dendrite-related hazards. Designing a host for “hostless” SMA has emerged as a promising strategy to address its harmful dendrite growth. Recent studies highlight the effectiveness of low-tortuosity arrays in SMA for guiding rapid ion transport and achieving uniform Na deposition. Herein, a pioneering 3D host, Ag@H-TNTA, characterized by low-tortuosity hydrogenated TiO nanotubular arrays decorated with silver nanocrystals, are unveiled for constructing fast, stable, and dendrite-free SMA. The strategic introduction of oxygen vacancies and the implantation of sodiophilic seeds enable the achievement of rapid and coordinated electronic/ion transport as well as uniform electric-field/ion flux distribution in the Ag@H-TNTA, ultimately facilitating uniform Na deposition. Consequently, Ag@H-TNTA electrode exhibits a dendrite-free plating morphology and maintains an impressive Coulombic efficiency of ≈ 98% over 600 cycles at 1 mA cm with a capacity of 1 mAh cm. Outstanding cycling performances and high rate capabilities of Ag@H-TNTA-Na anode are also demonstrated in both symmetric and full cells, underscoring the potential of Ag@H-TNTA as a robust host for stable and dendrite-free SMA.

中文翻译：

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通过设计空位和植入无枝晶钠金属阳极的亲钠种子来调节 3D 纳米管阵列中的电荷转移和离子扩散

钠金属阳极（SMA）因其高理论容量和低氧化还原电位而成为未来高能钠电池的引人注目的选择。然而，其广泛应用受到枝晶相关危害的严重阻碍。为“无宿主”SMA 设计宿主已成为解决其有害树突生长问题的一种有前景的策略。最近的研究强调了 SMA 中低弯曲度阵列在引导快速离子传输和实现均匀 Na 沉积方面的有效性。在此，我们推出了一种开创性的 3D 主体 Ag@H-TNTA，其特征是用银纳米晶体装饰的低曲折度氢化 TiO2 纳米管阵列，可用于构建快速、稳定且无枝晶的 SMA。氧空位的策略性引入和亲钠种子的植入能够在Ag@H-TNTA中实现快速协调的电子/离子传输以及均匀的电场/离子通量分布，最终促进均匀的Na沉积。因此，Ag@H-TNTA电极表现出无枝晶的电镀形态，并且在1 mA cm、容量为1 mAh cm的情况下经过600次循环后仍保持令人印象深刻的库仑效率约为98%。 Ag@H-TNTA-Na 阳极出色的循环性能和高倍率能力也在对称电池和全电池中得到了证明，强调了 Ag@H-TNTA 作为稳定且无枝晶 SMA 的强大主体的潜力。